Kit Kat analysis Essay

Presentation Settle has won, following 7 years, trademark fight against Cadbury over the four-fingered state of the Nestle item †KitKat. Settle is the Swiss global organization in nibble food, wellbeing related products industry. Settle is the biggest food organization on the planet by its income. Their items incorporate child food, bottle water, grains, espresso, chocolate bars and numerous others. The most well known items are Nespresso, Nescafe, KitKat, Maggi and Nesquick. Nestl㠩’s biggest contenders are Kraft Foods, Unilever and Mars consolidated. Cadbury is a British organization and most popular for its confectionary items. Cadbury was set up as retailer of tea, espresso and drinking chocolate. The most mainstream items are Dairy Milk chocolate, the Crã ¨me Egg and Roses determination box. Cadbury's principle rivals are Jacobs Suchard, Nestle and Mars Incorporated. Unit Kat is one of the Nestle well known items which was designed in eighteenth century by Rowntree's of York (than was obtained by Nestle). Unit Kat has special four-fingered shape, which makes it conspicuous as the result of Nestle. The accompanying case is about Kit Kat's shape and climate Nestle can have a trademark on the shape (not the name †which is increasingly normal). Settle and Cadbury were engaged with a claim over the four finger KitkKat's shape. Settle - the world’s greatest food organization, has prevailing with regards to preventing rivals from duplicating the state of the four-fingered bar following a seven-year lawful battle.1 Neste had enrolled state of KitKat as a trademark in 2006 yet Cadbury claimed against this application. In my paper I will talk about case over trademark among Nestle and Cadbury, and the case status. This case is surprising in the method of concerns; the emphasis isn't on the trademark name, however a trademark shape. By inferring that we would not see an encroachment for the situation, yet trademark administering. KitKat shape The instance of KiKat, as referenced above, is a bizarre trademark wrangle among Cadbury and Nestle over state of chocolate bar. Neste had presented Kit Kat in 1935 and had enlisted KitKats shape in 2006. Cadbury applied to refute the enrollment based on shape, since one organization can't consume shape. The workplace of harmonization of the Internal Market, which registers EU Community Trade Marks, permitted 3d †shape trademarks2 for desserts, bread kitchen, rolls, cakes and waffles in 2006, yet needed application for chocolate, candy and candy store. Scarcely any years after the fact Cadbury contested Nestle trademark to Cancellation Committee due to the imprint was for a 3d-shape instead of over a name. The Cancellation Committee announced the Nestle trademark invalid. Initially, Cadbury had won its case. Settle had requested and trademark controllers upset choice after. Controllers arrived at new choice: as the four-fingered shape Kit Kat was only partner as Nestle item. Settle had given proof of utilizing that shape for significant stretch of time and had given proof of KitKat shape was only connected with Nestle over the world and had assembled enough proof to verification that Nestle had instructed the open that chocolate bar with fingered shape is begun by Nestle. Case in streak In 2007 Cadbury recorded a presentation of weakness against Nestle, the solicitation was coordinated against all the great secured by Nestle. Cadbury had believed that trademarking state of the chocolate bar is an impediment of decision for customers. In the procedures parties presented their perceptions and supporting records. Settle had presented the accompanying proof to evidence the KitKats shape was only connected with them3: Overview of the overall deals volume, turnover and publicizing cost for the 1995-2007 years; Set of reports related for a Kit Kat utilization in the United Kingdom; Promotional handout in which history of KitKat introduced ; Assemblage of the dispatch dates of the four fingered chocolate bar in the European Union (Uk 1937, Italy 1960, Austria 1988 and so on.); Marketing research, concerning piece of the pie; Rundown of business and CD (containing models); Settle inside monetary figures, piece of the pie, publicizing costs . Despite the fact that trademark is normally the imprint, witticism or gadget, the state of an item is viewed as trademark as well, since buyers can recognize the wellspring of were the item started. By submitting above proof plainly trademark components had been met: Kit Kat's shape is unmistakable †adequate for purchasers to recognize maker, intriguing †its reasonable for buyers that four-fingers shape is KitKat taste and even whimsical †Kit Kat had been hugely developed by Nestle. End: Cadbury now needs to choose whether or not it needs to offer against the choice. The most recent decision over KitKat's shape will keep comparative organizations from delivering comparative bars of chocolate; it is presently only connected with Nestle. It was huge win for Nestle, since the four-finger shape got equivalent with its item. Nestl㠩’s case follows history of fights in court between the two organizations. In 2012 Cadbury made sure about trademark rights to the purple shading utilized on its bundling. Protected innovation office had granted specific shade of purple to chocolate bars and drinking chocolate to Cadbury. These days a great deal of trademark cases are existing. Breaking down the significance of trademark, we can reason that organizations are exceptionally worried of being elite and ensuring its licensed innovation. A great deal of trademark cases exist due to innovation progress, it is so a lot simpler today to promote on the web, have the statistical surveying done internet, reviewing the item fulfillment and so forth. Since sight and sound is our regular everyday practice, opponents can without much of a stretch got the consumer’s consideration (by utilizing previously existing trademark) or speak the current relationship with the item. References: 1. Office for Harmonization in the inner market http://www.ie-forum.nl/backoffice/transfers/document/IEForum%20OHIM%20Board%20of%20Appeal%2011%20december%202012,%20zaak%20R%20513_2011-2%20(Nestlà ©%20tegen%20Cadbury%20Holdings%20Limited).pdf 2. Cadbury ruined over KitKat plan as Nestlã © wins fight to forestall rivals duplicating four-fingered bar †http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2256648/Cadbury-frustrated KitKat-desig

5 Comics to Watch for in June 2016

5 Comics to Watch for in June 2016 Island #8, edited by Brandon Graham and Emma Ríos; stories by Michael DeForge, Simon Roy, Ben Sears, and Xulia Vicente (June 8) Island magazine is finally monthly again, and in addition to the final part of Simon Roys space cannibal story Habitat, well have the first Image Comics work by indie darling Michael DeForge (Ant Colony), as well as art by  Night Airs Ben Sears and up-and-coming Spanish artist Xulia Vicente. If you havent been reading the best thing happening in comics for the past year,  you should jump in! Lumberjanes /  Gotham Academy #1 by  Chynna Clugston-Flores and  Rosemary Valero-OConnell (June 8) Its pretty much a match made in heaven. Maybe my two absolute favorite all-ages comics of the last couple years, smashed together! Im not one for corporate synergy, but Boom! picked the perfect time to do their first-ever cross-publisher crossover. Written by  Chynna Clugston-Flores of 00s cult hit  Blue Monday fame and drawn by Boom! regular  Rosemary Valero-OConnell, seeing the chemistry between the Gotham Academy kids and the Lumberjanes is sure to be  tons of (queer?!?) fun. Common sense would tell you a crossover like this is meant to use the bigger publishers franchise to promote the smaller publishers franchise, but with the runaway success of  Lumberjanes and DCs awful job promoting their hidden gem  Gotham Academy, this might actually be more of a boon to DC than it is to Boom! Merry Men #1 by Robert Rodi and Jackie Lewis (June 8) Okay, I just gotta put the official solicitation text here. I love it: 13th century England. Robert Godwinson, former lover of King Richard, lives with his band of Merry Men in Sherwood Forest, away from the watchful eye of Prince John, who has outlawed homosexuality. Though isolated, the men live in peacethat is, until a stranger approaches their camp asking for aid to a nearby town under siege by the Sheriff of Nottingham. Robertnicknamed Robinis reluctant to help, but equally eager to get rid of this perplexing stranger and to put his formidable bow-and-arrow to use. Its Robin Hood like youve never seen him before, based on scholarly speculation about whats really behind the outlaws legend. I CANT WAIT for a historical fiction gay Robin Hood story. And the bear variant cover by Ed Luce of  Wuvable Oaf fame! Body readyyy Godzilla  Treasury Edition by James Stokoe (June 15) Licensed comics: theyre usually awful.  Godzilla: not a franchise I usually care about. That was until I encountered James Stokoes  Godzilla work. Stokoe is otherwise best known for his madcap creator-owned books  Wonton Soup  and  Orc Stain, but his graffiti-influenced color-gradient-infused style is a perfect match for the iconic kaiju. His comics  are up there with the absolute best live-action  Godzilla movies, and this treasury edition collects the first issue of his series  Godzilla: The Half-Century War, as well as his issue of  Godzilla in Hell and a buncha pin-ups and covers hes done. Fun fact: in a Comics Cola interview, Stokoe reveals the first comics he  ever drew as a kid were about the Nerds candy mascots!?! Looking back on his hyper-colorful style now, it makes perfect sense. I.D. by Emma Ríos (June 22) Originally serialized as a two-part story in  Island magazine and collected in a handsome lil paperback volume,  I.D. is the near-future story of three people from different walks of life getting brain transplants. Emma Ríos (Pretty Deadly,  Mirror) weaves a cerebral  yarn entirely in white and shades of red, her first major single-creator work,  and its as close to hard sci-fi as well likely ever see her dothe end of the book features an essay by Miguel Alberte Woodward, a neurologist Ríos consulted to make the science in the book as accurate as possible. Once you get past all the STEM  trappings,  I.D. is ultimately a human story about peoples desires to have an entirely new body, and the depth of personal motivations behind it. The story touches on trans identity in a surprisingly nuanced way, and features Ríos signature dreamlike layouts, with inset panels, close-ups of limbs, and un-romanticized depictions of sex and the naked human body. Its a quick read at just 80 pages, but if youre into Emma Ríos or concepts of body dysphoria, check out  I.D. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

What Are Elliptical Galaxies

Galaxies are huge stellar cities and the oldest structures in the universe. They contain stars, clouds of gas and dust, planets, and other objects, including black holes. Most galaxies in the universe are spiral galaxies, much like our own Milky Way. Others, such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, are known as irregular galaxies, due to their unusual and rather amorphous-looking shapes. However, a significant percentage, perhaps 15% or so, of galaxies are what astronomers term as ellipticals. General Characteristics of Elliptical Galaxies As the name suggests, elliptical galaxies  range from spherically shaped collections of stars to more elongated shapes similar to the outline of a U.S. football.  Some are only a fraction the size of the Milky Way while others are many times larger, and at least one elliptical called M87 has a visible jet of material streaming away from its core.  Elliptical galaxies also appear to have a large amount of dark matter, something that distinguishes even the  smallest dwarf ellipticals from simple star clusters. Globular star clusters, for example, are more tightly gravitationally bound than galaxies, and generally have fewer stars. Many globulars however, are as old as (or even older than) the galaxies where they orbit. They llikely formed around the same time as their galaxies. But, that doesnt mean theyre elliptical galaxies.   Star Types and Star Formation Elliptical galaxies are noticeably absent of gas, which is the key component of star-forming regions. Therefore the stars in these galaxies tend to be very old, and star formation regions are relatively rare in these objects. Furthermore, the old stars in ellipticals tend to be yellow and reddish; which according to our understanding of stellar evolution, means they are smaller, dimmer stars. Why no new stars? Its a good question.  Several answers come to mind. When many large stars are formed, they die quickly and redistribute much of their mass during a supernova event, leaving the seeds for new stars to be formed. But since smaller mass stars take tens of billions of years to evolve into planetary nebulae, the rate at which gas and dust is redistributed in the galaxy is very low. When the gas from a planetary nebula or a supernova explosion finally drifts into the intergalactic medium, there is usually not nearly enough to begin forming a new star. More material is needed.   Formation of Elliptical Galaxies Since star formation seems to have ceased in many ellipticals, astronomers suspect that a period of rapid formation must have happened early in the galaxys history.One theory is that elliptical galaxies may primarily form through the collision and merger of two spiral galaxies. The current stars of those galaxies would become intermixed, while the gas and dust would collide.The result would be a sudden burst of star formation, using up much of the available gas and dust. Simulations of these mergers also show that the resulting galaxy would have a formation much like that of elliptical galaxies. This also explains why spiral galaxies seem to dominate, while ellipticals are more rare. This would also explain why we dont see very many ellipticals when we survey the oldest galaxies we can detect. Most of these galaxies are, instead, quasars - a type of active galaxy. Elliptical Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes Some physicists have theorized that at the center of every galaxy, almost regardless of type, lies a supermassive black hole. Our Milky Way certainly has one, and weve observed them in many others. While this is somewhat difficult to prove, even in galaxies where we dont directly see a black hole, that does not necessarily mean that one is not there. Its likely that at least all (non-dwarf) elliptical (and spiral) galaxies that we have observe contain these gravitational monsters. Astronomers are also currently studying these galaxies to see what effect the existence of the black hole has on their past star-formation rates.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Literature Review Social Anxiety Disorder - 1149 Words

COLLEGE OF ARTS, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY MELBOURNE Literature Review Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescent Unit Title: Research Methods in Counselling Unit Code: APT 6006 Unit Teacher: Renzo Vittorino Student Name: Mirza Khushnood Ayub Student ID: s4530334 05/10/2015 This literature review is conducted to explore the social anxiety disorder, its Etiology, prevalence and finally putting focus on the need of a special treatment for adolescent with social anxiety disorder. Anxiety problems are the most common and widespread mental issues and are an area of interest for the medical as well as psychology researchers. These disorders are related to excess fear and anxiety and associated behavioural problems, where an emotive reaction to an actual or urgent danger is called as fear, while anxiety is thinking about future threat (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Anxiety is one of the major problems among mental issues since long ago and is common in children as well as adults. 6-20 percent children and adolescents usually face at least one type of anxiety disorder, if they are cautiously diagnosed and are counted merely when the problem interfere with the life of the subject then rate comes down to 6-10 percent (Co nnolly, 2006). Reportedly, more females face anxiety disorders than males all over the world (Stein Vythilingum, 2015). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) has divided theShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : Social Anxiety Disorder1633 Words   |  7 PagesVICTORIA UNIVERSITY MELBOURNE Literature Review Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescent Unit Title: Research Methods in Counselling Unit Code: APT 6006 Unit Teacher: Renzo Vittorino Student Name: Mirza Khushnood Ayub Student ID: s4530334 05/10/2015 â€Æ' This literature review is conducted to explore the social anxiety disorder, its Etiology, prevalence and finally putting focus on the need of a special treatment for adolescent with social anxiety disorder. 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In fact, I came to learn that this child was experiencing anxiety that was especially present during high-stakes testing. This instance occurred during my fi rst year of teaching and it has shaped my views on anxiety in children. During the time of this event, I was administering the second round of a standardized test, the STAAR test, to special needs students that did not pass, orRead MoreSocial Anxiety And Its Effects On The World1738 Words   |  7 Pagesmost being specific to certain things or situations. Social anxiety is listed differently in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), with criteria almost identical to those of social phobia with the exception that the fear be out of proportion in frequency and/or duration (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Its symptoms range from blushing and profuse sweating to heart palpitations and panic attacks. 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These effects were larger in within-group interventions than in waiting-list interventions, and follow up studies done up to 12 months after treatment showed a retention of these effects. Generally, the use of cognitive restructuring and exposure was shown to have better results than the useRead MoreThe Average Age Of Onset Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe average age of onset of generalized anxiety disorder is 31 years old. Generalized anxiety disorder affe cts about 6.8 million American adults. This disorder can develop at any point in the life cycle, but the highest risk is between childhood and middle age. Individuals who suffer from GAD can’t relax; they startle easily, and have difficulty concentrating. Often they have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Some physical symptoms include fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle achesRead MoreAnxiety And Anxiety Of Anxiety1018 Words   |  5 PagesANXIETY Anxiety is an emotion distinguished by feelings of tension, uneasy thoughts and physical changes caused by anticipation of danger. Anxiety can also be defined as a critical developmental stage related to change, dispute, and perceived control of the environment (Potter and Perry, 2014). Encountering occasional anxiety is a normal lifestyle, as everyone feels anxious from stressful situations that might make him/her nervous or fearful. In fact, mild anxiety might help an individual be more

Ethnographic Methods Free Essays

Examine the advantages and disadvantages of using ethnographic methods for sociological research I am going to look at the advantages and disadvantages of using ethnographic methods for sociological research. Ethnography is in-depth research into people’s lives through the use of primary data such as Observations and Interviews, and also secondary data such as diaries, and official documents. The first method of research I am going to look at is a primary research method that is unstructured interviews. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnographic Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a few advantages to unstructured interviews such as; if a researcher is going to conduct and unstructured interview then the participant is more likely to discuss sensitive information with them, this is because they may feel that the interviewer is sympathetic and understanding and so are more likely to open up towards them. Another advantage is that it allows people to explain their answers further if they need to, for example with questionnaires the person answering may not be able to explain why they put that answer, and so their point is not put across as they would like to have been. There are also some disadvantages to unstructured interviews such as it takes time and can cost a lot of money; although this method is very effective at finding out detailed information about a person and their life, it can take a lot of time to conduct an interview and even longer as it is unstructured so the interviewer can ask as many questions as they like; it could cost quite a lot as you might need to hire an office to do so, and if you need to interview a lot of people over a few days the cost could rise very quickly. Also interview bias is another disadvantage; this means that the interviewer can ask questions that can influence the answer, which then affects the outcome of the results. Interviewer bias can be illustrated through the use of leading questions for example â€Å"Do you get on well with your boss? † this question can make the interviewee question their relationship with their boss, and subtly raises the prospect that maybe they don’t get on with their boss. Another method of primary research covert observation, this involves the researcher joining the group that they are studying, and in covert observation the researcher does not tell them or allow them to find out their true identity. There are some advantages to covert observation such as it has high validity, as the researcher gets first-hand information about the people they are studying. This is a major advantage to covert observation because if this was done by someone else it may not be on the exact same topic and so not all the information they need is there. Another advantage of this method is that it avoids the observer effect, which is that people change their behaviour when they know they are being observed, and this would not show a true reflection of what they are really like. Some disadvantages to covert observation is that the participants are unaware of the experiment and so this is an ethical issue, as some people may not have wanted to be a part of the experiment, and if they find out that they are they could try and sue the researcher. Another disadvantage of this method is that the researcher could become influenced by the group and when writing their findings down it could be in favour or prejudiced against the group. How to cite Ethnographic Methods, Essay examples

Debut Albums and Child free essay sample

This is a small play depicting the importance of unity. Here is an old man in a village. He has 4 children. He is worried because his children are always fighting among themselves. Scene: All the children are fighting with each other. Child 1: Father, he (II) does not work at all. He Is very lazy. Child 2: You are lazy and cunning. I hate you. Father, I dont want to live with him, Child 3: Father, he always takes away my things.Child 4: Dont lie in front of father. Father, he is a liar. Father: Children II Enough. For God sake stop flitting. Come here. (They all come near him) Father: Each one of you go and get a stick from our backyard. (They all come back with a stick) Together: Father, we have the sticks. Father: Now, break them in to pieces. Children: Yes, we did. That was so easy. Father: Now, tie all those pieces together with a string. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Child or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children: Here it is ready. Father: Now try to break it. Children: Father!! Its not breaking. Its strong now. Father: All of you learn from this simple example. You could break them when they were single but could not even bend them when they were together.

Lego free essay sample

How did the information systems and the organization design changes implemented by knudstorp align with the changes in business strategy? Advances in the field of information technology and introduction of new hi-tech form of entertainment such as tablets and gaming consoles had left Lego trailing in the entertainment field. Jorgen Vig Knudstorp was appointed as the CEO to revamp the company’s business process, organization structure and information systems. Knudstorp was quick to act and first made changes in the company’s production process.He encouraged designers to use the unused components in development of new products and design, thus reducing the number of unused components and reduced losses as the cost of production of each unit was very expensive. Lego created a new strategy to broaden the product range and target a new customer segment. Earlier Lego used to develop products which primarily targeted boys; with this new strategy they started developing product s keeping a larger segment into perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on Lego or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They started developing products based on movie themes.Most drastic changes came in the organization structure at Lego, switching the employee pay structure, providing incentive for innovative product designs. Lego also started developing video games thus targeting a new segment of customers. All these changes in the business aspects of the company led to an increased revenue, increased demand and growth in the number of employees. Development of new product based on the internet, addition of new employee and inability to meet the consumer demands led to need for a new advanced and upgraded system which would fulfill all the above mentioned.Lego developed a new modularized and standardized architecture for their information system, which they could easily expand and add functionality and capacity. The latest IT infrastructure in the organization enabled the employees to become more creative in terms of the product development and also business process development. The new system helped manage data, provided application for operation support and human capital management. Q. 2: Which of the generic strategies does Lego appear to be using based on this case? Provide support for your choice. Based on the case study Lego appears to be using the Focus strategy.Michael Porter proposed three generic strategies Cost Leadership, Differentiation and Focus. Focus is a strategy where organization focuses on specific niche markets; this may include a particular geographic region or particular segment of customers. Organizations which use this strategy develop their products after having a study of dynamics of the segment and unique needs of customer. Lego before the appointment of the new CEO appear to use the focus strategy as their top priority was always to focus on innovation and creativity with taking profits into consideration.Add to that the case study also mention that Lego used to create products that primarily targeted boys. After the appointment of new CEO Jorgen Vig Knudstorp the company appears to have changed its policy form Focus to Cost-Leadership. Cost-Leadership is a strategy where organizations focus on gaining competitive advantage by offering products and services at the lowest possible price. They achieve this by increasing profits by reducing production cost and other way is to increase market share by reducing the prices of products compared to the competitors.Knudstorp after taking charge of Lego changed their focus on reducing the production cost. He proposed a strategy to reuse most of the components produced by them as the production for each component was too high. Under Knudstorp Lego started creating products on themes of popular movies, they engaged in online communities through websites and blog which allowed them to create a bond with their proposed market. Knudstorp also changed their organizational structure; Key performance indicators encouraged innovation and thus resulted in cost reduction. Q. : Are the changes implemented by knudstorp an indication of hypercompetition? Defend your position. The generic strategy focus on maintaining a competitive advantage Hypercompetition model suggests that the speed and aggressiveness of the moves and countermoves made in any given market create an environment in which new advantages that cannot be sustained for a long time. Organizations must constantly compete in price or quality, or innovate in, supply chain management, new value creation, or have enough financial capital to outlast other competitors.The hypercompetition model is based on the assumptions that every advantage is eroded, sustaini ng an advantage can be a deadly distraction, goal of advantage should be disruption and not sustainability and initiatives are achieved by a series of small steps. The changes made by Knudstorp are an indication of hypercompetion. Organizations try to attain relative competitive advantage in such a competitive market in four ways. Knudstorp’s strategy to revamp the business process, organization structure and production process 1.Cost/ Quality: After taking over Lego, Knudstorp most important task was to get the company out of losses and back in the green. Lego at that time was losing $1Million a day. He revamped the production process to make sure that designers reused their components in new products thereby decreasing the number of unused components from 13000 to 7000 Lego components. This resulted in a decreased production cost which indirectly had its effect on the company revenue. 2. Know-how/Timing: Lego’s supply chain system was out of order before Knudstorp came into the company.The company struggled with missed deadlines and poor delivery. There were instances where the most popular toy would run out of stock and company would not be in a position to meet the demands of the retailers on time or did not have the correct supply infrastructure to deliver the products. Knudstorp changed all this. He fixed the missing links in the supply chain system. He moved the manufacturing and distribution function to locations from which delivery and reach to the market would be easier. 3. Stronghold Creation/Innovation: Knudstorp new strategy was to broaden the product range.He encouraged the designers to develop new products and provide incentives for appropriate product innovation. Under his new strategy Lego created products based on movie themes, developed products for a larger segment of population making toys for adults and girls. Lego expanded into virtual world and started creating video games and virtual interaction games. This helped them by reducing production cost and increasing customer interaction. Q. 4: What advice would you give to Knudstorp to keep Lego competitive, growing and relevant?