Do Things Have to Be Scientifically Proven to Be True? Essay

Normally things do need to be experimentally demonstrated to turn out to be valid. For example in a claim in which the court is attempting to decide whether a specific man is a dad of an infant, similarly for instance, a logical procedure must happen in which the DNA of the dad and the child are tried for similitudes. At that point reality will show up once the outcomes from a hereditary research center show up. Another model is on the off chance that they need to discover the killer of a wrongdoing and there was blood of the killer at the wrongdoing scene they could likewise experimentally check if the genuine killer is equivalent to the individual charged. Other than claims, things likewise must be logically demonstrated consistent with be acknowledged by the general public. For example a worldwide temperature alteration, in the event that somebody essentially expresses that a dangerous atmospheric devation is among us the way that individuals are going to think that its actual is thin. Be that as it may if that equivalent individual supported his case logically with proof, for example, expressing that the Glaciers are softening, plants and creatures are being constrained from their living space, and the quantity of serious tempests and dry spells is expanding, at that point his case would be acknowledged. In any case, there is the contention that individuals felt that their speculations were reality but at this point as more headways in science are being caused we to understand that these hypotheses are inaccurate. For example, in the late 1800’s Joseph John Thomson saw that a particle is an accused circle of electrons inside, and as per his hypothesis he concocted the â€Å"plum cake† model. Around then, his model was adequate to clarify numerous physical and substance wonders, for example, electrolysis and electron outflow, and hence, it was acknowledged in the general public. Be that as it may, Ernest Rutherford with the magnifying instrument and radiation of alpha particles he had the option to emerge to another end where he concocted another model known as the planetary model of the molecule. There is likewise another viewpoint to logical truth, that it can never be accomplished since there is no likelihood that something is a hundred percent valid, there are consistently special cases to each standard. Additionally there is no conceivable method to demonstrate the presence of numerous things for example gravity, anyway we accept that the law of gravity is valid yet there is no immediate evidence of its reality. Another model would be the standard that expresses that an article will move in an orderly fashion except if a power follows up on it to change that movement, it is extremely unlikely to demonstrate that standard since there will consistently be a power following up on it whether it is the power of gravity, or even the gravitational draw between two items. In any case this standard is accepted to be deductively evident. As Nicholas Alchin referenced in his book Theory of Knowledge, â€Å"This is the embodiment of logical truth: it can never be demonstrated tentat ively that it is right, however it tends to be demonstrated that it is wrong.†

Kit Kat analysis Essay

Presentation Settle has won, following 7 years, trademark fight against Cadbury over the four-fingered state of the Nestle item †KitKat. Settle is the Swiss global organization in nibble food, wellbeing related products industry. Settle is the biggest food organization on the planet by its income. Their items incorporate child food, bottle water, grains, espresso, chocolate bars and numerous others. The most well known items are Nespresso, Nescafe, KitKat, Maggi and Nesquick. Nestl㠩’s biggest contenders are Kraft Foods, Unilever and Mars consolidated. Cadbury is a British organization and most popular for its confectionary items. Cadbury was set up as retailer of tea, espresso and drinking chocolate. The most mainstream items are Dairy Milk chocolate, the Crã ¨me Egg and Roses determination box. Cadbury's principle rivals are Jacobs Suchard, Nestle and Mars Incorporated. Unit Kat is one of the Nestle well known items which was designed in eighteenth century by Rowntree's of York (than was obtained by Nestle). Unit Kat has special four-fingered shape, which makes it conspicuous as the result of Nestle. The accompanying case is about Kit Kat's shape and climate Nestle can have a trademark on the shape (not the name †which is increasingly normal). Settle and Cadbury were engaged with a claim over the four finger KitkKat's shape. Settle - the world’s greatest food organization, has prevailing with regards to preventing rivals from duplicating the state of the four-fingered bar following a seven-year lawful battle.1 Neste had enrolled state of KitKat as a trademark in 2006 yet Cadbury claimed against this application. In my paper I will talk about case over trademark among Nestle and Cadbury, and the case status. This case is surprising in the method of concerns; the emphasis isn't on the trademark name, however a trademark shape. By inferring that we would not see an encroachment for the situation, yet trademark administering. KitKat shape The instance of KiKat, as referenced above, is a bizarre trademark wrangle among Cadbury and Nestle over state of chocolate bar. Neste had presented Kit Kat in 1935 and had enlisted KitKats shape in 2006. Cadbury applied to refute the enrollment based on shape, since one organization can't consume shape. The workplace of harmonization of the Internal Market, which registers EU Community Trade Marks, permitted 3d †shape trademarks2 for desserts, bread kitchen, rolls, cakes and waffles in 2006, yet needed application for chocolate, candy and candy store. Scarcely any years after the fact Cadbury contested Nestle trademark to Cancellation Committee due to the imprint was for a 3d-shape instead of over a name. The Cancellation Committee announced the Nestle trademark invalid. Initially, Cadbury had won its case. Settle had requested and trademark controllers upset choice after. Controllers arrived at new choice: as the four-fingered shape Kit Kat was only partner as Nestle item. Settle had given proof of utilizing that shape for significant stretch of time and had given proof of KitKat shape was only connected with Nestle over the world and had assembled enough proof to verification that Nestle had instructed the open that chocolate bar with fingered shape is begun by Nestle. Case in streak In 2007 Cadbury recorded a presentation of weakness against Nestle, the solicitation was coordinated against all the great secured by Nestle. Cadbury had believed that trademarking state of the chocolate bar is an impediment of decision for customers. In the procedures parties presented their perceptions and supporting records. Settle had presented the accompanying proof to evidence the KitKats shape was only connected with them3: Overview of the overall deals volume, turnover and publicizing cost for the 1995-2007 years; Set of reports related for a Kit Kat utilization in the United Kingdom; Promotional handout in which history of KitKat introduced ; Assemblage of the dispatch dates of the four fingered chocolate bar in the European Union (Uk 1937, Italy 1960, Austria 1988 and so on.); Marketing research, concerning piece of the pie; Rundown of business and CD (containing models); Settle inside monetary figures, piece of the pie, publicizing costs . Despite the fact that trademark is normally the imprint, witticism or gadget, the state of an item is viewed as trademark as well, since buyers can recognize the wellspring of were the item started. By submitting above proof plainly trademark components had been met: Kit Kat's shape is unmistakable †adequate for purchasers to recognize maker, intriguing †its reasonable for buyers that four-fingers shape is KitKat taste and even whimsical †Kit Kat had been hugely developed by Nestle. End: Cadbury now needs to choose whether or not it needs to offer against the choice. The most recent decision over KitKat's shape will keep comparative organizations from delivering comparative bars of chocolate; it is presently only connected with Nestle. It was huge win for Nestle, since the four-finger shape got equivalent with its item. Nestl㠩’s case follows history of fights in court between the two organizations. In 2012 Cadbury made sure about trademark rights to the purple shading utilized on its bundling. Protected innovation office had granted specific shade of purple to chocolate bars and drinking chocolate to Cadbury. These days a great deal of trademark cases are existing. Breaking down the significance of trademark, we can reason that organizations are exceptionally worried of being elite and ensuring its licensed innovation. A great deal of trademark cases exist due to innovation progress, it is so a lot simpler today to promote on the web, have the statistical surveying done internet, reviewing the item fulfillment and so forth. Since sight and sound is our regular everyday practice, opponents can without much of a stretch got the consumer’s consideration (by utilizing previously existing trademark) or speak the current relationship with the item. References: 1. Office for Harmonization in the inner market http://www.ie-forum.nl/backoffice/transfers/document/IEForum%20OHIM%20Board%20of%20Appeal%2011%20december%202012,%20zaak%20R%20513_2011-2%20(Nestlà ©%20tegen%20Cadbury%20Holdings%20Limited).pdf 2. Cadbury ruined over KitKat plan as Nestlã © wins fight to forestall rivals duplicating four-fingered bar †http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2256648/Cadbury-frustrated KitKat-desig

5 Comics to Watch for in June 2016

5 Comics to Watch for in June 2016 Island #8, edited by Brandon Graham and Emma Ríos; stories by Michael DeForge, Simon Roy, Ben Sears, and Xulia Vicente (June 8) Island magazine is finally monthly again, and in addition to the final part of Simon Roys space cannibal story Habitat, well have the first Image Comics work by indie darling Michael DeForge (Ant Colony), as well as art by  Night Airs Ben Sears and up-and-coming Spanish artist Xulia Vicente. If you havent been reading the best thing happening in comics for the past year,  you should jump in! Lumberjanes /  Gotham Academy #1 by  Chynna Clugston-Flores and  Rosemary Valero-OConnell (June 8) Its pretty much a match made in heaven. Maybe my two absolute favorite all-ages comics of the last couple years, smashed together! Im not one for corporate synergy, but Boom! picked the perfect time to do their first-ever cross-publisher crossover. Written by  Chynna Clugston-Flores of 00s cult hit  Blue Monday fame and drawn by Boom! regular  Rosemary Valero-OConnell, seeing the chemistry between the Gotham Academy kids and the Lumberjanes is sure to be  tons of (queer?!?) fun. Common sense would tell you a crossover like this is meant to use the bigger publishers franchise to promote the smaller publishers franchise, but with the runaway success of  Lumberjanes and DCs awful job promoting their hidden gem  Gotham Academy, this might actually be more of a boon to DC than it is to Boom! Merry Men #1 by Robert Rodi and Jackie Lewis (June 8) Okay, I just gotta put the official solicitation text here. I love it: 13th century England. Robert Godwinson, former lover of King Richard, lives with his band of Merry Men in Sherwood Forest, away from the watchful eye of Prince John, who has outlawed homosexuality. Though isolated, the men live in peacethat is, until a stranger approaches their camp asking for aid to a nearby town under siege by the Sheriff of Nottingham. Robertnicknamed Robinis reluctant to help, but equally eager to get rid of this perplexing stranger and to put his formidable bow-and-arrow to use. Its Robin Hood like youve never seen him before, based on scholarly speculation about whats really behind the outlaws legend. I CANT WAIT for a historical fiction gay Robin Hood story. And the bear variant cover by Ed Luce of  Wuvable Oaf fame! Body readyyy Godzilla  Treasury Edition by James Stokoe (June 15) Licensed comics: theyre usually awful.  Godzilla: not a franchise I usually care about. That was until I encountered James Stokoes  Godzilla work. Stokoe is otherwise best known for his madcap creator-owned books  Wonton Soup  and  Orc Stain, but his graffiti-influenced color-gradient-infused style is a perfect match for the iconic kaiju. His comics  are up there with the absolute best live-action  Godzilla movies, and this treasury edition collects the first issue of his series  Godzilla: The Half-Century War, as well as his issue of  Godzilla in Hell and a buncha pin-ups and covers hes done. Fun fact: in a Comics Cola interview, Stokoe reveals the first comics he  ever drew as a kid were about the Nerds candy mascots!?! Looking back on his hyper-colorful style now, it makes perfect sense. I.D. by Emma Ríos (June 22) Originally serialized as a two-part story in  Island magazine and collected in a handsome lil paperback volume,  I.D. is the near-future story of three people from different walks of life getting brain transplants. Emma Ríos (Pretty Deadly,  Mirror) weaves a cerebral  yarn entirely in white and shades of red, her first major single-creator work,  and its as close to hard sci-fi as well likely ever see her dothe end of the book features an essay by Miguel Alberte Woodward, a neurologist Ríos consulted to make the science in the book as accurate as possible. Once you get past all the STEM  trappings,  I.D. is ultimately a human story about peoples desires to have an entirely new body, and the depth of personal motivations behind it. The story touches on trans identity in a surprisingly nuanced way, and features Ríos signature dreamlike layouts, with inset panels, close-ups of limbs, and un-romanticized depictions of sex and the naked human body. Its a quick read at just 80 pages, but if youre into Emma Ríos or concepts of body dysphoria, check out  I.D. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

What Are Elliptical Galaxies

Galaxies are huge stellar cities and the oldest structures in the universe. They contain stars, clouds of gas and dust, planets, and other objects, including black holes. Most galaxies in the universe are spiral galaxies, much like our own Milky Way. Others, such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, are known as irregular galaxies, due to their unusual and rather amorphous-looking shapes. However, a significant percentage, perhaps 15% or so, of galaxies are what astronomers term as ellipticals. General Characteristics of Elliptical Galaxies As the name suggests, elliptical galaxies  range from spherically shaped collections of stars to more elongated shapes similar to the outline of a U.S. football.  Some are only a fraction the size of the Milky Way while others are many times larger, and at least one elliptical called M87 has a visible jet of material streaming away from its core.  Elliptical galaxies also appear to have a large amount of dark matter, something that distinguishes even the  smallest dwarf ellipticals from simple star clusters. Globular star clusters, for example, are more tightly gravitationally bound than galaxies, and generally have fewer stars. Many globulars however, are as old as (or even older than) the galaxies where they orbit. They llikely formed around the same time as their galaxies. But, that doesnt mean theyre elliptical galaxies.   Star Types and Star Formation Elliptical galaxies are noticeably absent of gas, which is the key component of star-forming regions. Therefore the stars in these galaxies tend to be very old, and star formation regions are relatively rare in these objects. Furthermore, the old stars in ellipticals tend to be yellow and reddish; which according to our understanding of stellar evolution, means they are smaller, dimmer stars. Why no new stars? Its a good question.  Several answers come to mind. When many large stars are formed, they die quickly and redistribute much of their mass during a supernova event, leaving the seeds for new stars to be formed. But since smaller mass stars take tens of billions of years to evolve into planetary nebulae, the rate at which gas and dust is redistributed in the galaxy is very low. When the gas from a planetary nebula or a supernova explosion finally drifts into the intergalactic medium, there is usually not nearly enough to begin forming a new star. More material is needed.   Formation of Elliptical Galaxies Since star formation seems to have ceased in many ellipticals, astronomers suspect that a period of rapid formation must have happened early in the galaxys history.One theory is that elliptical galaxies may primarily form through the collision and merger of two spiral galaxies. The current stars of those galaxies would become intermixed, while the gas and dust would collide.The result would be a sudden burst of star formation, using up much of the available gas and dust. Simulations of these mergers also show that the resulting galaxy would have a formation much like that of elliptical galaxies. This also explains why spiral galaxies seem to dominate, while ellipticals are more rare. This would also explain why we dont see very many ellipticals when we survey the oldest galaxies we can detect. Most of these galaxies are, instead, quasars - a type of active galaxy. Elliptical Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes Some physicists have theorized that at the center of every galaxy, almost regardless of type, lies a supermassive black hole. Our Milky Way certainly has one, and weve observed them in many others. While this is somewhat difficult to prove, even in galaxies where we dont directly see a black hole, that does not necessarily mean that one is not there. Its likely that at least all (non-dwarf) elliptical (and spiral) galaxies that we have observe contain these gravitational monsters. Astronomers are also currently studying these galaxies to see what effect the existence of the black hole has on their past star-formation rates.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Literature Review Social Anxiety Disorder - 1149 Words

COLLEGE OF ARTS, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY MELBOURNE Literature Review Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescent Unit Title: Research Methods in Counselling Unit Code: APT 6006 Unit Teacher: Renzo Vittorino Student Name: Mirza Khushnood Ayub Student ID: s4530334 05/10/2015 This literature review is conducted to explore the social anxiety disorder, its Etiology, prevalence and finally putting focus on the need of a special treatment for adolescent with social anxiety disorder. Anxiety problems are the most common and widespread mental issues and are an area of interest for the medical as well as psychology researchers. These disorders are related to excess fear and anxiety and associated behavioural problems, where an emotive reaction to an actual or urgent danger is called as fear, while anxiety is thinking about future threat (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Anxiety is one of the major problems among mental issues since long ago and is common in children as well as adults. 6-20 percent children and adolescents usually face at least one type of anxiety disorder, if they are cautiously diagnosed and are counted merely when the problem interfere with the life of the subject then rate comes down to 6-10 percent (Co nnolly, 2006). Reportedly, more females face anxiety disorders than males all over the world (Stein Vythilingum, 2015). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) has divided theShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : Social Anxiety Disorder1633 Words   |  7 PagesVICTORIA UNIVERSITY MELBOURNE Literature Review Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescent Unit Title: Research Methods in Counselling Unit Code: APT 6006 Unit Teacher: Renzo Vittorino Student Name: Mirza Khushnood Ayub Student ID: s4530334 05/10/2015 â€Æ' This literature review is conducted to explore the social anxiety disorder, its Etiology, prevalence and finally putting focus on the need of a special treatment for adolescent with social anxiety disorder. Anxiety problems are the most commonRead MoreIntensive Individual And Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Intensive Individual and Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder This article highlights the experience of a 46 year old woman with obsessive compulsive disorder, and how adding cognitive behavioral therapy to her treatment benefits her. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder which affects approximately 2 to 3 percent of the population (Salkovskis, 2007) (Taylor Reeder, 2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy is a method of treatment recommendedRead MoreTypes Of Treatment For Anxiety Disorders873 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Anxiety disorders are distressing, and impairing conditions, associated with significant social costs (Palazzo, Altamura, Stein, Baldwin, 2014). There are many different types of treatment for anxiety disorders. Some are more effective than others. The studies within this paper will further tell us about anxiety disorder, different types of treatments, and treatment effectiveness. The Purpose of the Studies The purpose of the study by Palazzo, Altamura, Stein, and Baldwin (2014)Read MoreA Research Study On Social Anxiety1462 Words   |  6 PagesThis review is conducted with the purpose of providing detailed summary of available research literature about social anxiety in adolescent and to further explore the literature supporting cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of social anxiety disorder in adolescent. As in literature, three processes describe the adolescent development and these are termed as biological, cognitive and socio-emotional (Santrok, 2001). Biological process states that every individual has a unique and matchlessRead MorePersonal Experience At High Stakes Testing1213 Words   |  5 Pagesstudent in the hours that followed. She had always been running to the restroom, in a near panic before exams. In fact, I came to learn that this child was experiencing anxiety that was especially present during high-stakes testing. This instance occurred during my fi rst year of teaching and it has shaped my views on anxiety in children. During the time of this event, I was administering the second round of a standardized test, the STAAR test, to special needs students that did not pass, orRead MoreSocial Anxiety And Its Effects On The World1738 Words   |  7 Pagesmost being specific to certain things or situations. Social anxiety is listed differently in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), with criteria almost identical to those of social phobia with the exception that the fear be out of proportion in frequency and/or duration (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Its symptoms range from blushing and profuse sweating to heart palpitations and panic attacks. Social anxiety is one of the top psychological problems in the UnitedRead MoreThe Depression Of Older Adult Depression1667 Words   |  7 Pagespeople with mental health illness. Most individuals diagnosed with mental health illness are most often being ostracized and stigmatized. Because of social stigma attached to the i ndividual with mental illness, their privacy is being violated and it has created so many issues in mental health. Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to review factors that trigger elderly depression states, their physical and mental health conditions, their racial differences in seeking attitudes and behaviorsRead MoreThe Effects Of Exposure On Persons With Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesFinally, a summary of meta-analytic reports by Rodebaugh, Holaway, Heimberg (2004) had a notable post- treatment effect in persons with social anxiety disorder: with effects ranging from moderate to large. These effects were larger in within-group interventions than in waiting-list interventions, and follow up studies done up to 12 months after treatment showed a retention of these effects. Generally, the use of cognitive restructuring and exposure was shown to have better results than the useRead MoreThe Average Age Of Onset Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe average age of onset of generalized anxiety disorder is 31 years old. Generalized anxiety disorder affe cts about 6.8 million American adults. This disorder can develop at any point in the life cycle, but the highest risk is between childhood and middle age. Individuals who suffer from GAD can’t relax; they startle easily, and have difficulty concentrating. Often they have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Some physical symptoms include fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle achesRead MoreAnxiety And Anxiety Of Anxiety1018 Words   |  5 PagesANXIETY Anxiety is an emotion distinguished by feelings of tension, uneasy thoughts and physical changes caused by anticipation of danger. Anxiety can also be defined as a critical developmental stage related to change, dispute, and perceived control of the environment (Potter and Perry, 2014). Encountering occasional anxiety is a normal lifestyle, as everyone feels anxious from stressful situations that might make him/her nervous or fearful. In fact, mild anxiety might help an individual be more

Ethnographic Methods Free Essays

Examine the advantages and disadvantages of using ethnographic methods for sociological research I am going to look at the advantages and disadvantages of using ethnographic methods for sociological research. Ethnography is in-depth research into people’s lives through the use of primary data such as Observations and Interviews, and also secondary data such as diaries, and official documents. The first method of research I am going to look at is a primary research method that is unstructured interviews. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnographic Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a few advantages to unstructured interviews such as; if a researcher is going to conduct and unstructured interview then the participant is more likely to discuss sensitive information with them, this is because they may feel that the interviewer is sympathetic and understanding and so are more likely to open up towards them. Another advantage is that it allows people to explain their answers further if they need to, for example with questionnaires the person answering may not be able to explain why they put that answer, and so their point is not put across as they would like to have been. There are also some disadvantages to unstructured interviews such as it takes time and can cost a lot of money; although this method is very effective at finding out detailed information about a person and their life, it can take a lot of time to conduct an interview and even longer as it is unstructured so the interviewer can ask as many questions as they like; it could cost quite a lot as you might need to hire an office to do so, and if you need to interview a lot of people over a few days the cost could rise very quickly. Also interview bias is another disadvantage; this means that the interviewer can ask questions that can influence the answer, which then affects the outcome of the results. Interviewer bias can be illustrated through the use of leading questions for example â€Å"Do you get on well with your boss? † this question can make the interviewee question their relationship with their boss, and subtly raises the prospect that maybe they don’t get on with their boss. Another method of primary research covert observation, this involves the researcher joining the group that they are studying, and in covert observation the researcher does not tell them or allow them to find out their true identity. There are some advantages to covert observation such as it has high validity, as the researcher gets first-hand information about the people they are studying. This is a major advantage to covert observation because if this was done by someone else it may not be on the exact same topic and so not all the information they need is there. Another advantage of this method is that it avoids the observer effect, which is that people change their behaviour when they know they are being observed, and this would not show a true reflection of what they are really like. Some disadvantages to covert observation is that the participants are unaware of the experiment and so this is an ethical issue, as some people may not have wanted to be a part of the experiment, and if they find out that they are they could try and sue the researcher. Another disadvantage of this method is that the researcher could become influenced by the group and when writing their findings down it could be in favour or prejudiced against the group. How to cite Ethnographic Methods, Essay examples

Debut Albums and Child free essay sample

This is a small play depicting the importance of unity. Here is an old man in a village. He has 4 children. He is worried because his children are always fighting among themselves. Scene: All the children are fighting with each other. Child 1: Father, he (II) does not work at all. He Is very lazy. Child 2: You are lazy and cunning. I hate you. Father, I dont want to live with him, Child 3: Father, he always takes away my things.Child 4: Dont lie in front of father. Father, he is a liar. Father: Children II Enough. For God sake stop flitting. Come here. (They all come near him) Father: Each one of you go and get a stick from our backyard. (They all come back with a stick) Together: Father, we have the sticks. Father: Now, break them in to pieces. Children: Yes, we did. That was so easy. Father: Now, tie all those pieces together with a string. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Child or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children: Here it is ready. Father: Now try to break it. Children: Father!! Its not breaking. Its strong now. Father: All of you learn from this simple example. You could break them when they were single but could not even bend them when they were together.

Lego free essay sample

How did the information systems and the organization design changes implemented by knudstorp align with the changes in business strategy? Advances in the field of information technology and introduction of new hi-tech form of entertainment such as tablets and gaming consoles had left Lego trailing in the entertainment field. Jorgen Vig Knudstorp was appointed as the CEO to revamp the company’s business process, organization structure and information systems. Knudstorp was quick to act and first made changes in the company’s production process.He encouraged designers to use the unused components in development of new products and design, thus reducing the number of unused components and reduced losses as the cost of production of each unit was very expensive. Lego created a new strategy to broaden the product range and target a new customer segment. Earlier Lego used to develop products which primarily targeted boys; with this new strategy they started developing product s keeping a larger segment into perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on Lego or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They started developing products based on movie themes.Most drastic changes came in the organization structure at Lego, switching the employee pay structure, providing incentive for innovative product designs. Lego also started developing video games thus targeting a new segment of customers. All these changes in the business aspects of the company led to an increased revenue, increased demand and growth in the number of employees. Development of new product based on the internet, addition of new employee and inability to meet the consumer demands led to need for a new advanced and upgraded system which would fulfill all the above mentioned.Lego developed a new modularized and standardized architecture for their information system, which they could easily expand and add functionality and capacity. The latest IT infrastructure in the organization enabled the employees to become more creative in terms of the product development and also business process development. The new system helped manage data, provided application for operation support and human capital management. Q. 2: Which of the generic strategies does Lego appear to be using based on this case? Provide support for your choice. Based on the case study Lego appears to be using the Focus strategy.Michael Porter proposed three generic strategies Cost Leadership, Differentiation and Focus. Focus is a strategy where organization focuses on specific niche markets; this may include a particular geographic region or particular segment of customers. Organizations which use this strategy develop their products after having a study of dynamics of the segment and unique needs of customer. Lego before the appointment of the new CEO appear to use the focus strategy as their top priority was always to focus on innovation and creativity with taking profits into consideration.Add to that the case study also mention that Lego used to create products that primarily targeted boys. After the appointment of new CEO Jorgen Vig Knudstorp the company appears to have changed its policy form Focus to Cost-Leadership. Cost-Leadership is a strategy where organizations focus on gaining competitive advantage by offering products and services at the lowest possible price. They achieve this by increasing profits by reducing production cost and other way is to increase market share by reducing the prices of products compared to the competitors.Knudstorp after taking charge of Lego changed their focus on reducing the production cost. He proposed a strategy to reuse most of the components produced by them as the production for each component was too high. Under Knudstorp Lego started creating products on themes of popular movies, they engaged in online communities through websites and blog which allowed them to create a bond with their proposed market. Knudstorp also changed their organizational structure; Key performance indicators encouraged innovation and thus resulted in cost reduction. Q. : Are the changes implemented by knudstorp an indication of hypercompetition? Defend your position. The generic strategy focus on maintaining a competitive advantage Hypercompetition model suggests that the speed and aggressiveness of the moves and countermoves made in any given market create an environment in which new advantages that cannot be sustained for a long time. Organizations must constantly compete in price or quality, or innovate in, supply chain management, new value creation, or have enough financial capital to outlast other competitors.The hypercompetition model is based on the assumptions that every advantage is eroded, sustaini ng an advantage can be a deadly distraction, goal of advantage should be disruption and not sustainability and initiatives are achieved by a series of small steps. The changes made by Knudstorp are an indication of hypercompetion. Organizations try to attain relative competitive advantage in such a competitive market in four ways. Knudstorp’s strategy to revamp the business process, organization structure and production process 1.Cost/ Quality: After taking over Lego, Knudstorp most important task was to get the company out of losses and back in the green. Lego at that time was losing $1Million a day. He revamped the production process to make sure that designers reused their components in new products thereby decreasing the number of unused components from 13000 to 7000 Lego components. This resulted in a decreased production cost which indirectly had its effect on the company revenue. 2. Know-how/Timing: Lego’s supply chain system was out of order before Knudstorp came into the company.The company struggled with missed deadlines and poor delivery. There were instances where the most popular toy would run out of stock and company would not be in a position to meet the demands of the retailers on time or did not have the correct supply infrastructure to deliver the products. Knudstorp changed all this. He fixed the missing links in the supply chain system. He moved the manufacturing and distribution function to locations from which delivery and reach to the market would be easier. 3. Stronghold Creation/Innovation: Knudstorp new strategy was to broaden the product range.He encouraged the designers to develop new products and provide incentives for appropriate product innovation. Under his new strategy Lego created products based on movie themes, developed products for a larger segment of population making toys for adults and girls. Lego expanded into virtual world and started creating video games and virtual interaction games. This helped them by reducing production cost and increasing customer interaction. Q. 4: What advice would you give to Knudstorp to keep Lego competitive, growing and relevant?

A Day in the Life of Noble essays

A Day in the Life of Noble essays Describe a day in the life of noble and his family. A noble was a person of the official or upper class. They were men of great wealth. Their wealth came mainly from real estate appointed to them by the king. They were highly respected and were expected to live up to certain roles. A nobles household was a hive of activity. A noble would have many servants to attend his every need. A day in the life of a noble man would consist of.... When a nobleman and his wife woke up, their first task for the day was grooming. Before beginning their day they would pay very close attention to their personal cleanliness and appearance. This was achieved by the men removing body and facial hair with bronze razors, tweezers and scrapers, they also anointed their bodies with perfumed oils. Because Egypt was a warm place to live in their clothing was lightly clad. They men went bare chested except for many large pieces of expensive, bright, beaded and jeweled colars and jewellry. He also wore a broad, pleated white linen kilt and sandals. His short-cropped hair was covered in a wig. The noblemans wife paid particular attention to her hair and cosmetics. She would surround her eyes with kohl and malachite, which served for beautification and protection. Their dress was much more different to those of the men. They would wear simple ankle length sheaths of linen with broad straps over the shoulders. A woman would accessorize her outfit with beautiful jewellry. Once the nobleman had completed his toilet he would then receive the reports from his overseers and foremen. His scribes were always available to write any letters or dispatches that he needed. He also kept all the estate records. A noble man would enjoy three daily meals. He would be able to choose form a large banquet of foods. Their meals consisted of bread, cakes stews, fish, barley, cereal, fruit and would even indulge five types of poultry, sixteen form ...

Ethical Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Perspectives - Essay Example Another expectation is that if the company is not announced bankrupt, some of the members will be retrenched. The first approach that corresponds to the above situation is Utilitarianism (the approach means choosing of an option that is of the greater view of most of the people in the organization). The above approach can be considered in the above case by ensuring that top management of the organization is investigated about the charges of corruption bestowed upon them. For the common good of the people in the organization if they are found guilty of an offense then they should be charged and pay back what they had taken from the organization to allow smooth running of the organization. The other approach is Categorical Imperative. This is considered as a moral right action to be undertaken despite the consequences that will follow (Johnson, 2011). Employee should consider informing the top executive of what is happening within the organization for them to change the moral behaviors for the better side of the organization. Based on the case the management board is not fair since it has not incorporated a representative of the employees. Despite the fact that they are junior members in the organization, they play a significant role in ensuring the company meets it objectives and attains it goals. Thus, for equality and freedom of expression within the organization the management board should consider incorporating a representative of the employees. This will help them highlight the immoral activity of corruption taking place. The other ethical approach to be considered with respect to the above case is communitarianism. This approach takes about the common promotion of shared moral values by the community. Since the firm is a community project, it will be of the much significance if the board of directors of the company to ensure that the moral values of their top managers are in-line with the community expectations. The last ethical

Nursing Organizational change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Organizational change - Essay Example That is until the recent economic down turn. Comanche has a couple of major problems at this time, that will require major change. They are running in the red like many hospitals but this has not happened to them before and they have a very traditional history and the Senior team is older and very traditional in their approaches. This is also true of the second layer or Senior Directors. They have had one lay off this year and the new fiscal year began in July. The end o July figures showed that they were in the black by $134,000. Some of the middle level directors and managers have been replaced by attrition by more forward thinking staff. However, most of them have been there a year and there has been little change and these new leaders are becoming very frustrated. This paper will discuss the change needed at Comanche Regional Hospital Kotter (1996) tells us that there are eight stages of change. Those stages are establishing a sense of urgency, creating the guiding coalition, developing a vision and strategy, communicating the change vision, empowering a broad base of people to take action, generating short-term wins, consolidating gains, and producing even more change and institutionalizing the new approaches in the culture. The change initiative that will need to go through these stages is a reduction of length of stay which will improve hospital throughput. There are many issues related to length of stay so for the sake of a shorter paper, discharging patients by noon will be chosen. Establishing a sense of urgency is the first of the eight stages of change that are proposed by Kotter (1996). For Comanche Memorial Hospital, this will not be a simple task. This is a group of senior leaders that just does not get riled up about most things. . This has filtered down through the rest of the organization and has created a sense of complacency. The CFO in this case understands the need for the change so the initial plan here would be to illicit his help in putting together some realistic but important numbers together to show what can be gained by improving this process. Convincing of the whole administrative group is crucial (Kotter, 2008). only then can we proceed. This same process will then need to go to the director level and an incentive program here will work very well to establish urgency. Creating a guiding coalition in this case should be happening with the creation of the first sense of urgency. Many times, according to Kotter (1996), the guiding coalition is given credit to one person but in the case of this hospital, that guiding coalition must be the C suite and the Senior Directors. They must be convinced and added to this group are the informal leaders of patient care. This group must be credible though and must contain people who are movers because to have a stagnant committee will only teach the lesson that complacency is OK after all when the lesson needs to be, the train in moving on, get aboard. This coalition must have four kinds of power to be successful. Those include position power which means that there are enough of the key players on board to make a difference (pg. 57), and expertise which is that there are people in the group that have experience relevant to the problem. Credibility is high only if the

Economic man vs islamic man

Economic man vs islamic man Economic Man Vs Islamic Man Abstract Modem economics presents a concept of economic man on the other hand Islam gives the idea of an Islamic man. The former is based on a materialistic approach in which the basic objective of life remains just to get maximum satisfaction and maximum profit or any other form of utility. Man lives only for these objective, which is completely less human level. On the other hand latter is based on believe of Allah and high moral values and present a much better way of life as compare to the former. 1. Introduction The term economic man was first used by Joseph Pseky1. Although it is a new concept in economics, but it is often associated with ideas of 18th century thinkers like Adam Smith and David Recordo etc. No doubt this concept in the raw form can easily be found in the writings of these thinkers, for example in the following quotation of Adam Smith, reflection of this modern concept can easily be found. He writes â€Å"It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner but from their regard to their own interest†2. It means that in a more or less form it was exist, but recently it has taken a concrete form. This concept was developing to show the rational behavior of individual decision making units i.e. a consumer, a firm and an industry. On the same line the concept of an Islamic man can also be drawn from the teachings of Islam. At many places in Quran and Hadith characteristics of momineen are given, with the help of these qualitie s a concept of Islamic man can be derived. The basic objective of this paper is to analyze and compare these two concepts. For this purpose first the characteristics of an economic and Islamic man are discussed and then a comparison is made between these two. 2. An Economics Man The concept of economic man is one of the basic notions of modern economics. It is assumed that each individual in a capitalistic society, whether he / she are a consumer, investor, worker or businessman is motivated by economic forces, hence will always act to obtain the maximum satisfaction for the least sacrifice or cost. This maximum satisfaction take different forms e.g. it may be maximum profit for a businessman, leisure hours for a worker and maximum utility from the consumption of goods for a consumer etc. A consumer, a firm and an industry are the basic individual decision making units in a capitalist economy. Under this concept it is assumed that behavior of these units will be rational. Rational behavior means that, each of this unit wants to maximize his advantage. In the other words, when a consumer decides to purchase something he / she will spent all available resources in such a way that he / she will get maximum satisfaction from these items. If he / she dose the same then their behavior will be rational, and consumer will said to be in equilibrium position. In the other words achievement of maximum satisfaction is the primary goal of a consumer or economic man. In the same way when a firm decides to produce something in response of demand from consumers, then main objective of the firm will be to get maximum profit. For this purpose firm will made all efforts to maximize the difference between cost and selling price, so that she can get maximum profit. It will be rational beh avior of firm / man. The same situation is with industry, which is the collective name of all firms. In the same line a worker wants to maximize his / her leisure and so on. In this whole process there is no concept of God or moral values or the Day of Judgment or benefits of the others. The whole story is just based on me and my interest only, and no room is left for any moral values. Due to this situation an economic man is selfà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬centered and self interested personality and never thinks beyond his self interest3. The approach of economic man is completely materialistic and he / she is always busy in calculation of his / her profit / loss in monetary terms. To get maximum advantage of this worldly life, becomes his / her ultimate aim and do not have any concept of life after this life. This type of thinking naturally restricted his / her life just for today and there is no concept of long term benefits. 3. An Islamic Man The characteristics of an Islamic man can be derived from the qualities of momineen given in Quran and Hadith. At least in Quran more then sixty qualities are given in this regard. The term amale saleha is used for those activities which are required by Quran and Hadith from momineen. An amle saleh is any activity which results on the benefits of others or it creates equilibrium in the society or results on elimination of disequilibrium (Fasad) in the society. Since the limited scope of a paper cannot considerate the narration of all these characteristics, hence only the main qualities of momineen are discussed in following lines. 3.1 Iman (Believe) The first and the most important demand of Islam from momineen is that, they should have believe on Allah, His books, His prophets, angles and the Day of Judgment. It is not the righteousness that ye turn your faces to the east and the west; but the righteous is he who believeth in Allah and the Last Day and the angles and the scripture and the prophets. (2:1 77) This believes create a significant change in his behavior and character, and changed the whole concept of life, and expands the scope of life. Man with iman lives with high moral values. Concept of life hereafter and accountability keeps him away from all bad activities. The activities which are harmful not for the society but also for that person who performs them. 3.2 Consent of Allah According to Quran, the basic objective of the life of momineen is to get the consent of Allah. Thou (0 Muhammad) seest them bowing and falling prostrate (in worship),seeking bounty from Allah and (His) acceptance. (48:29) For this purpose they follow all the orders of Quran and Hadith. 3.3 Fear of the Day of Judgment Another quality of momineen counted in Quran and Hadith is that, momineen keep hard believe on the Day of Judgment and accountability of that Day. This concept put them further away from each and every type of tyranny. 3.4 Living for the Others According to Quran momineen live for the others. They are always ready to sacrifice their current benefits for the betterment of others. Even they are personally needy people but in this condition also they sacrifice for the others. And find in their breasts no need for that which hath been given them but prefer (the refugees)above themselves though poverty become their lot. (59:9) 3.5 No Concept of Reward Quran said, the momineen never have any desire of reward or thanks, they all do it only for the consent of Allah. (Saying) we feed you for the sake of Allah only. We wish for no reward nor thanks from you (76:9,) No materialistic reward is required by them. 3.5 Prohibition of Riba (Interest) Since riba (Interest) is strictly prohibited by Quran Hadith and momineen completely avoid the same, and do not involve in any such type of activity. 3.6 Infaq (Donation) One of the most important quality of momineen is that, they donate all of their income in the way of Allah which is beyond their requirements. And they ask thee what they ought to spend say: that which is beyond your requirement. (2:219) 3.7 Concept of Halal Haram Quran Hadith have restricted momineen from particular type of activities which are termed as haram. Momineen strictly avoid themselves from these actions. 3.8 Care of Poor People of Society In accordance with the orders of Quran Hadith momineen take care of poor people of society. And feed with food the needy wretch the orphan and the prisoner, for consent of Allah. (76:8). These are just a few characteristics of momineen described in Quran and Hadith which are specially mentioned because these are the base of comparison between these two concepts. 4. Comparison Between Economic Man Islamic Man In the light of above discussion it can be said that there is a wide difference between these two concepts. The main points in this regard are as follows. 4.1 Limited Wide Concept The concept of economic man is quite limited, which restricts the man just up-to this materialistic world, whereas an Islamic man has a quite wide horizon. He does not see the life just for this world but hereafter also, which will be a real and long lasting life. 4.2 Animal Human Level Economic man concept presents a just animal level of life, which is restricted to maximum satisfaction, profit or leisure etc., without any moral values. On the other hand Islamic man is a better concept which is based on high moral values and represents a human level of life. 4.3 Selfish and Opulent Way of Life Self benefit is the limit of economic man thinking, he cannot go beyond this boundary. On the other hand the objective of life of an Islamic man is to serve the others for the consent of Allah. 4.4 An Open Restrict Way of Life The economic man is completely free to do anything under the rules of state. No other bindings can be imposed on him. But an Islamic man is under the Devine rules as well as the regulations of state. 4.5 Preference of Today or Tomorrow The former man just believes on benefits of today and he is not ready to sacrifice his today for tomorrow. On the contrast Islamic man is always prefer the advantages of tomorrow by giving up the benefits of today. This is the reason that, a Muslim can easily sacrifice his life in Jehad (Fight in the way of Allah) whereas it is quite difficult for a Non-Muslim. Conclusion On the basis of above discussion it can be said that, the concept of Islamic man is much more superior then economic man. The latter is just a materialistic approach and completely barefoot from moral values. Negation of moral values put the human being on just animal level. This is the reason that, an economic man lives on animal level and just alive to get maximum satisfaction or profit or other advantages. No doubt he gets all these things in this world but in the life hereafter his share will be nil. On the other hand an Islamic man lives with the believe on Allah and high moral values. He lives on human level, he also gets the advantages of this life but with that, he will be in a much better position in the second life.

The Difficulties of Implementing the Good Friday Agreement Essay

The Difficulties of Implementing the Good Friday Agreement The Good Friday Agreement was voted on by a relatively large turnout of 68.8% in 1998 and was rejected by a significant 29% of people in Northern Ireland. For the past six years it has proved to be difficult to implement and there are a number of reasons for this. The emphasis on issues raised in the agreement has changed over the years and some are proving to be more difficult to implement than others. A major area within the Good Friday Agreement is the setting up of an Assembly. Hard line Unionists such as the DUP refuse to accept the Assembly. They refuse to sit at a table with Sinn FÃ ©in in cross party talks while they argue that Sinn FÃ ©in still have links with the IRA. The DUP's mindset has been created by fifty two years of unionist rule. They do not wish to accept principles contained within the agreement which they feel they have already rejected in the 1974 power sharing executive. The DUP are now offering a full re-negotiation of the agreement and their slogan for the last elections was, 'It's time for a new deal.' There are deep divisions within the official unionist party. There is continual disagreement over how many concessions can be made to nationalists. David Trimble the party leader has remained committed to the agreement despite bitter criticism from fellow unionists and himself also feeling uneasy over some elements of it. He has faced leadership challenges and recent defections to the DUP by Geoffrey Donaldson, Arlene Foster and Norah Beare have reduced the number of seats held by the UUP. David Trimble must have ... ...ng to have it raised again. The flying of paramilitary flags particularly around the marching season upsets and provokes nationalists who feel threatened by such and obvious display of paramilitary strength. The agreement could now be said to be more difficult to implement than before due to the recent election results. The middle ground lost out while extremists at the opposite end of the political spectrum gained votes. The DUP have a majority of 33 seats and Sinn FÃ ©in has 27. This perhaps suggests that more moderate voters have become disillusioned and no longer believe in the capabilities of their politicians to do their job. There could be a feeling of apathy towards the peace process. However this does not mean that peace is not obtainable in Northern Irelandand with hard work and co-operation it is achievable.

Functionalism on Computer Mouse Essay

The view, that the physical realization of a well-designed component is not, in some sense, its quintessence. Rather, what makes a functional component the kind it, is described in terms of its role in relating inputs to outputs and its relations to other functional components. If you see a machine that you’ve never seen before, you might ask: â€Å"What is that machine? What is its principle? What is it for? † In poising those questions, you are asking for an elucidation of the function that the machine serves. In many contexts, when we throw questions like â€Å"What is it? † what we ultimately are asking for is a version of what it does. As a theory of mind, functionalism is quite appealing. It is based in mathematical proof and provides a means of constructing analogies to guide our understanding of the mind. Ned Block (1980) classifies three senses of functionalism. The first is simple decompositional functionalism. ‘Functionalism’ in this way points to a research strategy that relies on the decomposition of a system into its components; the whole system is then explained in terms of these functional parts. Second, computation-representation functionalism is a unique case of decompositional functionalism which depends profoundly on the ‘computer-as-mind’ correlation. Psychological explanation under computation-representation functionalism is â€Å"akin to providing a computer program for the mind† (Block 1980, p. 171). So, these mental processes are viewed as being decomposable to a point where they can be conceived of as processes which are as simple as those of a digital computer. Last but not least, Block identifies metaphysical functionalism. This type of functionalism is a theory of mind that hypothesizes that mental states simply are efficient states. The metaphysical functionalist asserts that mental states are the forms of mental state they are because of the causal relations between inputs, outputs and other mental (i. e. functional) states of the system, as in the Turing machine. The physical realization of the set of functions which implement a mind are irrelevant to what makes something a mind – it’s the functional relations that count. Functionalism, briefly, is a theory which considers mental states to be causally related, both to behavior and to other mental states. The question of how a value can be added to a product keeps the manufacturers quite confused always. How its functions satisfy all the possible needs of all the customers from the product is a topic for research for the companies which emphasizes on the theory of functionalism. Things have been the principal topic of design discourse since the early nineteenth century. Debates developed around the integrity of materials, the refinements of form, and craft versus mass production, and the relation between form and function. To the degree that the discourse about things has dominated design thinking, insufficient attention has been paid to the relation things and experience of the users (Margolin 2002, p. 38). Every industrial product has some specific purposes. The design of the products must be conformed in the best possible way to the expectations that result from the function the product fulfills. It can be seen in the modern products that rigid functionalism of the past has been discredited. The range of people’s need is often greater than designers are eager, or something competent to accept. Whenever a product is designed a significant factor comes up and that is to omit the unimportant to carve out the important. The time is knocking on the door which compel us to discover our environment anew and return to the simple basic aspects, for example, to items that have unconstructed obvious-seeming functionalism in both the physical and the psychological sense. That’s why products should be well designed and as neutral and open as possible, leaving space for self-expression in using them (Rams 1989, p. 111). Good design can also be very little for various reasons. The design of a computer mouse also happened to be on the same line. This part of computer hardware connects to your computer to assist you manage cursor movement and pointing ability on the PC screen. A computer mouse makes navigation simple by allowing you to freely move your cursor around your screen. This allows you to perform functions of your computer with ease. Mouse is known for the ease they give point and click navigation. They are also identified for how good they work with all the different types of computers on the market today; the technology is so cross-system compatible that it become rare to see any problem when you decide to go from one type of mouse to another on your system. Computers are used by more and more people every day for use at home and at the office. Modern desktop computers offer users with user-input mechanisms that are well-matched for the applications that run on these computers. The use of a hand operated pointing device for use with a computer and its presentation has become almost universal. In computer science mouse is the jargon use to refer to a pointing device which usually slid along a flat surface to create x and y output signals as a result of said movement, the signals generally cause the cursor on the connected computer screen to move and allows the user to point to objects on the screen. A computer mouse is a handheld device that a user slides over a suitable surface causing the cursor on a computer screen to move in a direction determined by the motion of the device. The mouse is a hand-held device that functions on a flat surface which, in tandem with the necessary computer hardware and software, permits the user to manage movement of a cursor or pointer on the display. Computer mouse are often referred to as cursor positioning devices or cursor control devices, although mouse are used to perform many other functions, such as to open and drop documents, re-size and move windows, drag , menu items in a pull-down menu, select icons, text, launch applications and others. Computer mouse can be found in a various types of physical embodiments. Normally a mouse consist of a body that serves as a grip for the user’s hand and as a configuration for mounting a movement sensing system and two or more mouse buttons for the choice of computer functions. A computer mouse is ergonomically designed so that a user’s hand fits comfortably around the device. The computer mouse may be deemed as having a bottom surface which is in contact with a work surface such as a mouse pad when in use, and an upper surface which includes one or more pressure-sensitive switches for controlling computer operations when operated. Computer mouse are available with electro-mechanical, opto-mechanical, or optical movement sensing systems. Traditionally, a computer mouse is connected to a computer system by a cable for passing on signal/power there between. The bodily connection of the mouse to the host computer by the cable inopportunely limits free movement of the mouse and may result undesirable movement sometimes. Constant bending or twisting of the cable may effect further deterioration thereof so as to effect in detachment or inappropriate contact of connectors at reverse ends of the cable. Wireless computer mouse have been developed in the recent time to do away with the need for a cord, and to make it simpler for a user to move the mouse around without having to drag a cord. A cable less mouse that corresponds with a computer system through electromagnetic signals for data transmission solves the problem. The wireless computer mouse is commonly energized by battery and corresponds by means of infrared transmission or radio frequency transmission which possible the wireless operation. In general, proponents of various forms of functionalism make the claim that the physical realization of a given function is not, in some sense, its essence. Metaphysical functionalism identifies causal structures with mental states which are realizable by â€Å"a vast variety of physical systems† (Block 1980, p. 173). But once we have an implementable easiest function, there are no more queries as to what functions can be comprehended by that performance, dissimilarly in the case of a theoretical categorization. Put in different words, it is in no way clear that we have any reliable way of restraining the possible functions of a system without mention to an underlying physical mechanism which also applies in the case of Computer Mouse. A computer user manipulates a pointing device to change the position of a cursor or other object on a computer display, or to select objects on the display. The physical movement of the pointing device results in a similar movement of the cursor and/or object on the display. However no doubt, that the discoveries in the field of computing has changed our lives and effecting the discourse of history in many ways. Today the life has become so easy to lead with the help of these technological advancements and that has resulted from the extensive research in the field of functionalism. But the question remains that whether the idea of functionalism will be conquered by something else, whether a saturation period will strike in our life, or we will continue to witness the victory march of functionalism like this towards the path of future. Works Cited 1. Margolin, Victor. â€Å"The Experience of Products. † The Politics of the Artificial. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2002, pp-38-59 2. Rams, Dieter. â€Å"Omit the Unimportant. † Design Discourse, edited by Victor Margolin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989, pp-111-113 3. Block, N. â€Å"Introduction: what is functionalism? † Readings in philosophy of psychology. Ed. N. Block. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1980. 1: 171-184

The Death of Communism - 828 Words

The Death of Communism The United States longest and bloodiest war was the Vietnam War, which was fought from 1959 until 1975.(Communist Manifesto 1) In this war 57,685 Americans were killed, and their were over 2 million Vietnamese deaths.(Communist Manifesto 3) One of the main causes of the war was a commonly held American belief called the Domino Theory. This theory stated that if the U.S. allowed one country to fall to communism, those around it would fall, and then those around it, eventually taking over the whole world. However, the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 allows to approach communism in a new light. The Communist Manifesto has three sections. The first is an outline of the history of the bourgeois and the†¦show more content†¦It states that communist do not form a separate working class party, that they do not have interest separate from the working class as a whole, and they do not seek to mold the proletarian movement. Marx states that the distinguishing feature of Communism is not the abolishment of property generally, but the abolishment of bourgeois property.(Marx 7) Marx is arguing that the capitalist societies of the time have done away with property for nine-tenths of the population already, and the only way to remove class distinctions is to abolish private property. The final section of the Communist Manifesto, Marx attacks various countries attempts at socialism and proclaims that communist disdain to conceal their aims.(Marx 8) He finishes with a call to arms: Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite!(Marx 9) The Communist Manifesto was written in a time when people were starting to realize all the injustices the industrial revolution and modern industry had created. However, this situation no longer exists. Gone, are the bourgeois and proletarians; a middle class has risen up; communism has begun to fall. Marx describes the rise of the bourgeois by saying the place of manufacture was taken by the giant, Modern Industry, the place of the industrial middle class, by the industrial millionaire, theShow MoreRelatedAn analysis of communism and religion in Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold1508 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalist Congregation: Marxist Commentary on Hegemonic Powers in _Chronicle of a Death Foretold_ In the twentieth century, South Americans faced a dilemma: to succumb to the capitalist ideals of the western world or to surrender to the communist beliefs of Marx and Engels. Through symbol-laden texts, writers communicated their beliefs concerning the two economic ideologies. 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