Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure Essays

Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure Essays Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure Essay Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure Essay Differential mode and relationship mode Professor Fees Differential Mode, initially developed from the biological differential. But because traditional Chinese groups have a strong sense of identity of blood, causing the groups naturally transformed into patterns of social relations between. 1. Differential Mode Professor Fee, with the perspective from the social relations of traditional Chinese social structure, and thus invented Differential Mode. He believes that the social structure of traditional Chinese is like a stone thrown into the water launch waves of irises. Every man is his introduction to the social impact of the center of the circle. By pushing the circle and the wave of the The contact took place. the tightness of contact between people, but also with the two In this corrugated circle to determine the distance In the distance. That Is, between a person and Relationships of others, like the ripples of water as to themselves as the center, introduced to a circle, the more push farther and also push more thinner. @ Proof. Fee the traditional Chinese differential pattern with the West group pattern were compared, and further lardier the structure of traditional China. In his view, Western society is often formed by a number of one group of people. Groups there is a certain limit, and who is the group where people, who are groups of people outside, not vague, we must distinguish. The people In the group a group, the relationship between the groups Is the same, if the same group or class in the respective groups, it is first required. Pattern in this group, the members are equal, so there is no similar blood the natural contact and poor, everyone is talking about the rights and obligations. If a member or less than their rights, or not doing the minimum obligations, are likely to leave the group. They are not human In the hot and cold, but of rights. In Western society Is the right fight, and It Is climbing In our relationship, about friendship. @ compared with the differential pattern, the pattern of functional groups relatively simple. For example, the Western family will be in business matters very little, the main function is to birth children. Children in this group is supporting, they grew up and became to leave the group. In their political, economic, religious and other groups to undertake other functions, not In the family since the beginning. And family home In China law, may owe respect and affection between couples, women with three criteria Trot ten Tour vulture, parents Ana centre pay attention to responsibility obedience. ($) even getting married adult children had to live away from their parents do not give board and lodging is very common. Of course, this analysis is Professor Fee Oxidation, Chinas society in terms of the main structure, not to say that Chinas rural society there is no group. Similarly, in western modern society, the same pattern of differential exists, but relatively important nothing more. In fact, these two patterns of the basic form of social structure , can be capable of distinguishing between the concept, in fact on the often coexist, but each side can see the winning nothing more. The reason to conduct such a distinction and emphasis, because this distinction can i ndeed help us to get a lot of social structure, a more realistic understanding of the various exemptions confusion. 2. Differential pattern: from the blood into the relationship between patterns of differential Between people to rank the differential social relations are the main features of the tatter, like the stone drowned generated ripples continue to spread outward circle. So, in real life, this intimacy between people is how far and near, the formation of social relations, or the interaction between the decision to rank the relationship that is based on what? Analysis from the perspective of Professor Fee Oxidation, based originally came from the blood relationship between people, blood differential. The difference between the sequence pattern derived from the biological nature of human kinship structures, used in the formation of social interaction between people u to the structure of social relations, is based on the blood by differential patterns of social relations. Difference from the blood into the pattern of social relations, not only is a qualitative change, but also a quantity (range) of the shrinking. Blood is the natural connection between people, to give each person a role can not change the blood. And, to rank the blood relationship is also very obvious, easy to distinguish. Such as relies instead between his father, their identity is fixed and can not be changed. Blood relationship between the two most pro recently. In comparison, relies instead ND uncles (fathers brother) relationship will have to sparse point further. This affinity for the distinct blood differential pattern of social relations between people provides an excellent basis. Also, because of this traditional Chinese kinship-based groups (clans) have a high degree of identity, kinship and thus formed the basis differential pattern of traditional Chinese social structure has become the main features. Biological significance and blood differential to push thousands of people, may have been introduced to include the infinite people, past, present, and future of the people. @ and China attaches great importance to the traditional blood groups ( clan), so that even happen due to human factors, blood ties broken, so that blood differential narrowed to a range of groups including the number of people are still considerable. In contrast, the formation of social relations between people in social interaction, and the scope of interaction, after all, is limited, therefore, the scope of social relations between people than the scope of the relationship between blood differential is much smaller . In other words, blood differential of the corrugated ricer Is greater than ten social relations AT ten corrugated circle. Sequence of blood corrugated circle, the circle formed by members of the group are essentially long-term and widespread traditional Chinese clan. Within the clan and relies instead members have social interaction constitute their own social relations as the center of the corrugated circle. Two corrugated circle Although there are groups within the clan, but the number of the former is obviously greater than the latter. Differential patterns of community circle Differential pattern of corrugated circle in , relies instead on in the center of the ins, relies instead and the other people in the circle of social relations depends on their affinity with the relies instead the distance. From relies instead on the more recent, more intimate relationship. This is the difference between the traditional sequence pattern revealed by the basic characteristics of social relations in China. Further analysis showed that this basic structure, there is still a community circle, it is still using the differential pattern of blood ties to further divided into inner and outer ring that the two most obvious affinities, Its purpose is to further consolidate ND strengthen the important social relations, to further clarify the criteria for social interaction. This is everyone individual capacity-limited results. 1 . Difference sequence pattern exists sector loop Corrugated circle shape of the difference sequence pattern, relies instead and the circle to the other person is sparse by the pro-social relationships, from relies instead on more pro-closer, the more far more sparse. Well, this closeness in everyday life is how to embody it? Apart from blood relations, but also influenced by what? Based on research by Professor Fee Oxidation, Relationships of daily life is not he embodiment of a balanced, progressive state, but have different emphases. This reflects the way of the main factors, in addition to blood, as well as the balance of rights and obligations. Social relations is an important social capital, therefore, for everyone, always hope and expand their social relations as much as possible the corrugated circle. Corrugated circle of the expansion, which means relies instead on acquired rights increases, while their obligations have increased. Social relationships is to rely on frequent interaction can be obtained, and each persons mime, energy, capacity is limited. As Professor Fee said, social relations, rights and obligations must be fairly balanced, this balance can be very long in time, but if one- sided, too much social relations will, unless coupled with coercive power, or will the broken. One way to prevent the break in reducing bear on social relations. Thus, the real world, people on the one hand to expand their social relations as much as possible the corrugated circle and the other terms and subject to their own time, energy, ability, etc. Had to corrugated circle inside a small and select the corrugated circle. In this small ripples circle, because of relies instead on a sufficient time, energy, ability, and therefore frequent interaction with other members, emotional intimacy, the right for each other big, too heavy obligations. In this small ripples circle, the interaction is small, the right to obtain a small, light obligations. This small ripples circle in the original large ripple ring internal, naturally formed a dividing lin e, a community circle. In order to relies instead as ten center to ten regally AT ten poor Dye ten pro-sequence pattern, ten community ricer pattern of the entire differential is further divided into Pro and Shush two parts, but also the whole pattern of differential into the inner and outer. 2. Demarcated boundary circle For blood groups in terms of traditional China, a differential pattern of corrugated circle is a clan. Within the group in this clan, there is a small inner circle family. Inner circle (family) relationship between the members, feelings of intimacy. Frequent interaction between members only, and are active cooperation and mutual assistance. Each member and their families at weddings and other events, the other embers must give money to send things (gifts), to show Ghee or mast, which is to fulfill it. Of course, there are affinities between members, fulfill their obligations when there are gifts of the thickness. They are outside with the family (outer ring) of the members are non-family relationships, feelings in general. The interaction between members is not only less negative and may contain contradictions and conflicts. So when the outer ring members and their families held funerals and other activities, members do not need money to send inner objects (their obligations). This preference sequence pattern inner ring is a traditional division of standards unique to Chinas five system. Five system rich in content, but also very complex (including blood, marriage, etc. ), here it specifically refers to Five blood, from relies instead proceed within the Five blood relatives (including spouse) (see Figure . The figure that is the traditional pattern of rural differential (clan) in the inner circle (family), the industry circle is clear: to relies instead as the center, extending to five generations, that the high grandparents down to the great-great-grandson and gather in law, peer extended to the family of siblings and spouses. In the (inner) within the members were relies instead relatives, while non-relatives outside the scope of that Book of Rites, mass communications, so-called VI relatives dried ca rry on. For example: a family of brothers and sisters and spouses, relies instead relatives, because they are within the blood in the Five Dynasties. But their children and relies instead is a non-kinship, blood relationship as more than five generations; again from siblings and spouses and relies instead is kinship, and is thin four generations of blood relations, therefore, their children and relies instead was still within the Five Dynasties, and therefore relationship. Circle cultural existence sector Differential Mode and industry circles began in differential blood, blood groups used in social relations, a thousand years, the main features of Chinese social structure. Also, because they are long-term presence in the traditional Chinese and eventually evolved into a concept of culture, and extensive penetration into the various non- blood of social groups, to be blood is one of the outstanding performance. It is this ultra penetration, making the differential pattern and industry circles from the blood can be based on a wide range of groups exist in unrelated, there is in non- traditional Chinese social structure. 1 . Community circle: from the blood groups blood groups to non-understanding of traditional essence order structure AT ten Downward Ana Walton ten circle, not only helps to know and understand Chinas past, but the study of Chinas future social structure and relationships more meaningful. This is because: in China by the traditional to modern in the transition process, in the differential blood-based tatter of gradual decline, we are very clear to see: the traditional Chinese blood differential, blood concept has been ingrained in peoples minds, so that no blood ties, people are also invariably mock out of blood contact, and accordingly the formation of social relations, distinguish between near and far. Between the father and son get along with mentoring, college roommate called each other by date of birth brother or sister, etc. That is, this simulation of the concrete embodiment. Using this to be blood method, from own home, from home to the country, from the country to the world, is a pathway. This shows that blood levels of the differential pattern in China has risen to the level of the difference between the concept of sequence pattern, forming a generally recognized by people of culture. That is, the blood group-based differential pattern has evolved into a con cept of culture, and the widespread nature of non-blood groups, especially those among the large number of informal groups. The concept of culture has been relatively independent, not only will not end with the weakening of traditional kinship groups, which dilute the contrary, in the future for a long period of time, it also its vitality and intention to maintain the social structure in China The differential pattern. 2. Demarcation of the cultural circle By cultural circle is relative to the blood in the differential in terms of the boundary circle is defined as the difference between the nature of non-blood groups in the sector sequence pattern circle. Order it in bad blood circle sector is significantly different: the boundary of blood in the differential blood circle in full compliance with the degree of kinship, position clear, that is relative (family members) and non- family (clan members) of the boundary; The location of the cultural circle is very legible and not bound by blood relationship, completely based on how much personal time, energy, strength and capacity size. For example, traditional social structure in the neighborhood is the status of each one do his own center, draw a circle around. A happy event to your wine, have a baby to send red eggs, a funeral undertakers to help out, a coffin Neighborhood size range by a central forces have determined the thickness. Influential people throughout the neighborhood can Village, a poor family neighborhood Just next to the two or three. Here called the ricer , range that is, cultural circles, is to be blood, Order Structure of the boundary circle. Left the blood relationship between the natural, cultural circles rely mainly on the interests, feelings, beliefs and so maintained. First, the community blood differential ring compared to the interest of maintaining the strength of a larger, overall, should be more than emotion. In other words, to be blood groups and individuals in the industry circle to maximize the rights and obligations of mostly minimization principle. Secondly, it should be and blood differential, as the power till comes from maintaining emotional, especially those between the original edge of the background with industry between groups, such as students circle, circle comrades, colleagues rings. Finally, with the accelerating process of cultural diversity, people AT Talent Dye ten same group Torment gradually Increased, ten Deterrence between the sequence of its internal ring pattern and less influenced by industry interests and the emotional impact, more by maintaining the level of faith. Cultural circle, determine the inner person and outer man and the main criteria or the standard differential blood, Just as watching a personal and their families in life (birth), the old (old birthday ), disease, death, marriage (wedding), and building, promotion and other big activities interact with other people. If you encounter such an event, always give money to send things to each other, it is the inner man, or is the outer ring of people. Especially in the many informal groups, such a standard is most clear. 3. Inner ring: difference sequence pattern of the most influential factors In addition to the whole Do not closeness function, the differential mode of existence of community circle also shows that: inner ring is a differential pattern in the core part of the pattern on the differential impact of the giant. And, in many formal social groups, the inner ring is often invisible to form small groups of one, small group, about the impact of even the normal operation of formal organizations. Differential pattern of circles and the location of the boundary determined by the boundary circle carved out of the inner and outer rings, are on the society and its development in terms of the general situation. When the differential pattern of abnormal external environment changes, even the blood differential will change the boundary circle.

5 Cases of Mistaken Meaning Cured by a Comma

5 Cases of Mistaken Meaning Cured by a Comma 5 Cases of Mistaken Meaning Cured by a Comma 5 Cases of Mistaken Meaning Cured by a Comma By Mark Nichol A simple lesson about the strength of the mighty little comma can be learned by noting the difference in meaning that results depending on its presence or absence at the end of a parenthetical phrase. More specifically, in the types of sentences shown below, when an attributive phrase one that identifies the source of the information provided in the framing sentence is inserted in the midst of the sentence and a comma precedes the interjection but none follows it, what is said is often not equivalent to what is meant: 1. â€Å"Every nine years, it was decreed that the fragment must be conveyed to another place of sanctuary.† The point of this sentence is that an action is described as having occurred every nine years, and that this action was decreed. That latter detail is the content of the attributive phrase. But without a comma closing the interjection, the implication is that the decree was issued every nine years. However, what the sentence means is that a decree was issued requiring the action to occur every nine years that’s a much different idea, and this slightly revised sentence correctly expresses it: â€Å"Every nine years, it was decreed, the fragment must be conveyed to another place of sanctuary.† 2. â€Å"By the end of the century, estimates are that one in three people will be living in poverty.† This sentence is not as far afield from the intended meaning as the original sentence in the previous example, but it does suggest that such estimates will be released by the end of the century, rather than that current estimates predict the stated outcome. This revision states the point more clearly: â€Å"By the end of the century, estimates are, one in three people will be living in poverty.† 3. â€Å"Instead of embracing our civil rights future, the commission’s report says the Bush administration has begun backsliding into the past.† At first glance, this sentence seems to have the same not-quite-right structure of the second example, but it actually introduces a serious miscommunication. The suggestion is that the commission report, not the Bush administration, is failing to embrace our civil rights future, and that the commission is making the statement in place of that responsibility. The mere insertion of a comma sets the sentence right (in this case, an optional that is not included, so no deletion of same is necessary): â€Å"Instead of embracing our civil rights future, the commission’s report says, the Bush administration has begun backsliding into the past.† 4. â€Å"Up to my junior year at the University of Michigan, I am forced to admit that I had always tried to get A’s.† The writer, this sentence suggests, was forced to make an admission until reaching their third year of college, at which time the confession was no longer required (but in that case, am should be replaced by was). But the admission is parenthetical to a different thought, which is that the writer strove for the highest letter grade for only their first two years in higher education: â€Å"Up to my junior year at the University of Michigan, I am forced to admit, I had always tried to get A’s.† 5. â€Å"As far back as his childhood, he told me he had wanted to be a scientist.† As punctuated, this sentence tells the reader that the would-be scientist had shared his ambition with the writer since the other person had been a child. If this is what the writer means, the beginning of the second part of the sentence should include had (â€Å"he had told me†). But if the writer is relating what the other person had shared more recently about his childhood goal, a comma should follow me to set off the attributive phrase â€Å"he told me†: â€Å"As far back as his childhood, he told me, he had wanted to be a scientist.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouNominalized Verbs

Freedom of Information in Nigeria Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Freedom of Information in Nigeria - Term Paper Example The explanation for this secretive policy may not be very clear but most of the nations that have taken this orientation of secrecy including Nigeria have cited national security as one of the greatest motivations for the secrecy policy. This paper seeks to highlight the issues and prospects as far as the freedom of information and national security in Nigeria are concerned. Freedom of information may be defined as the right of any citizen in any state to be informed in writing or in any form appropriate on request of disclosure from a governmental agency and if the agency refuses the citizen can demand the reason for refusal. In other words, any citizen has a right to demand any kind of information from the government or its agent upon which if the government or agent deems otherwise then the citizen has a right to demand an explanation as to why he or she has been denied the information requested for (Horrigan, 1998: pp90). Freedom of information legislation is sometimes known as open records is a set of rules that allows for access to government held information by the public. These sets of rules form the legal framework that puts the government under obligation to avail government information to the public as need may be. Most countries in the world have legislated FOI. Actually, more than 70 countries countrywide enjoy this freedom to information with Sweden's FoI legislation termed as the Freedom of the Press Act dates far back to 1766 and it is deemed to be the oldest worldwide. In Africa, only three countries have legislated FoI and these are Angola, S. Africa and Uganda. Nigeria is in the process of legislating FoI even though the process has been very slow and often laced with controversy. However there are hopes that with the present pressure on the government from stakeholders in FoI i.e. the public, press/media, judiciary, human rights activists, NGOs etc, the bill is likely to sail through the House of Representatives sooner than later. National security on the other hand refers to the obligation to preserve the endurance and survival of a nation or state through by the use of political, military and financial power. It is an investment that the nation makes to make sure that her citizens are safe and they lack nothing. Further, the national territory together with its institutions may uphold integrity and this integrity is what is called national security. In other words, national security is the integrity of the national territory and its institutions (Raskin, 1979). What relationship exists between freedom of information and national security The two are closely related that when you mention one the other is implied. There are restrictions to the freedom of information legislation simply because of national security. As much as people need to have freedom of security for the functioning of democracy, the degree should not reach a point that can injure national security. A nation has to have its secrets which must not reach the hands of enemies who may threaten the political, financial and even physical safety if the citizens. Therefore the two are related in that if a nation overindulges in one, the other suffers loss i.e. if a nation overemphasizes national security, freedom of information may not prevail sufficiently and if a nation gives too much freedom of inform

Compare and contrast between Polish and American Christmas Holiday Essay

Compare and contrast between Polish and American Christmas Holiday - Essay Example The date of Christmas may have been earlier chosen to match with either the day exactly nine months after it is believed that Jesus was conceived, the date of the Roman winter solstice, or any one of the ancient winter festivals. The Christmas holiday was especially a Christian holiday celebrated by most Christians but in recent times it has seen a shift such that many non-Christians also celebrate or engage in the Christmas festivities. This day is also celebrated in different ways by different people, cultures and may involve gift giving, church celebrations, special meals and tree decorations. In other areas it is taken as a time to meet with family and neighbors and forgive each other of the past. Christmas is celebrated differently in different countries with traditions and customs that follow it. Christmas in the in the United States is a huge phenomenon. It begins in November and ends in January. It is not a single day but a long period that culminates with the New Year celebr ations. The entire period is associated with huge spending and festivities that most Americans engage into before the day of Christmas. During this time Americans decorate both the interior and the exterior of their homes. As significant decoration that is popular with the Americans is the Christmas tree. These trees are cultivated before the Christmas holiday and families and businesses including the white house order these trees that are then placed centrally in the home. It is then decorated with ornaments, tinsel and light with a star placed at the very top of the tree. This star symbolizes the star of Bethlehem that is believed to have guided the wise men in locating Jesus (USIA). The Christmas Eve, which is the day before Christmas, experiences so many activities. The day is associated with Santa Claus or Father Christmas whom it is believed that he visits homes while children are sleeping. Father Christmas is believed to fill stockings that are hung on the mantelpiece with gi fts for the children. It is a tradition for children in the United States to leave a glass of milk and a plate of cookies for Father Christmas as they go to sleep. This day is also important as people buy gifts, wrap them and place them near the tree. These presents received from parents, friends and relatives are not opened until the Christmas morning. During this day too, there is a special church service called the midnight mass, that is held during the night and people spend in the church. For families with small children candle light services are held for them and these symbolize the nativity of Christ (USIA). During the Christmas day, families open their gifts in the morning before they head for the morning service that is held to bear witness to the birth of Jesus. The whole day is usually filled with celebrations with parents and relatives spending time together. The evening is marked by a special Christmas diner where lots of a food variety is served. For most American fami lies’ sweet pastry, eggnog that is sprinkled with cinnamon and nutmeg are served. Other popular dishes served include casseroles; the deserts are usually prepared with a family recipe that is usually kept a secret. Some of the snacks that are enjoyed during this time include nuts, cheeses and chocolates. Christmas holiday in polish resembles most of the aspects found in the American Christmas holiday; however there are few exceptions for as it will be seen in the discussion. The

How Technology Effects Our Everyday Lives Essay Example for Free

How Technology Effects Our Everyday Lives Essay Technology in Society Today Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life. Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life. Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farm ers use  technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life. Today in society technology is used in every individual’s life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyone’s everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life.

Violation of Rights in the Film Guilty by Suspicion :: essays research papers

America is the land of the free. America is the land in which "Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech or the right of the people peaceably to assemble." (Amendment I to the US Constitution.) This means that Americans can say whatever they believe, and be part of any club, group, or political affiliation they choose. The Bill of Rights also declares in the Fifth Amendment that ?No Person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This means that in court, a person may remain silent, and cannot be forced to incriminate themselves. An American also may not be deprived of their life, freedom, or belongings without a trial. Guilty by Suspicion is about how the violation of these rights affected normal, innocent, Americans. Many, many lives were ruined by the unjust accusations and the insistence on confessing that others were Communists. In Guilty by Suspicion, I really understood how the characters felt. The one standout actor was Patricia Wettig, as Dorothy. She was heartbreaking as the actress who commits suicide after she is accused of being a Communist by her husband, she cannot find work, and her child is taken away from her. Joe Lesser was a small but memorable character played by Martin Scorsese. Joe was memorable because his hyper, obnoxious, Chihuahua-like acting style really took away from the solemnity of the rest of the movie. The filming was not especially notable, but there were other nice effects. The period music was great, with motifs such as Louis Armstrong. The continuing music and film from the classic Gentlemen Prefer Blondes was wonderful. It was ironic that when David id being told to get a lawyer, so he won?

Analysis of School Children by W.H Auden Essay

As the world evolves over the years people get new ideas, new theories, and develops a new way of thinking. Taking something so simple and elaborating on it making it sophisticated. In the Poem â€Å"School Children†, W.H Auden tries to emphasize to the readers that a simple playground where inhabits their fun filled activities is actually a prison. Here I will be explaining why the poem â€Å"School Children† is actually good. For a short poem Auden packs a lot of information that he sends out to the reader making his point straight and clear. As a little boy that sees his surroundings as a prison he uses many poetic devices to prove or enhance his point. One of the variations used in this poem is a â€Å"simile† A simile is a figure of speech that, like metaphor, compares unlike things in order to describe something. Similes do not state that something is another thing, however. Instead, they compare using the word â€Å"like† or â€Å"as.†On the very first line it says â€Å"Here are all the captivities; the cells are AS real. He is emphasizing that all the â€Å"prisoners† which is children are really living in a real prison environment. On the closing statement of the 2nd paragraph it stated, â€Å"The bars of love are so strong, their conspiracies weak like the vows of drunkards† . What this verse is trying to do is compare the term the children’s wrongful act to the words of a drunkardAnother device being portrayed is Imagery. Imagery is the use of words to create a picture in the mind of the reader. As the author put the readers through a stance where can we actually picture the school being a prison, with detailed descriptions on the first paragraph. 3rd paragraph â€Å"indeed their strangeness is difficult to watch; the condemned see only the fallacious angels of a vision. 4th paragraph â€Å"yet the tyranny is so easy. The improper word scribbled upon the fountain, is that all the rebellion?†(Oxymoron – Awkward Perfection)Another Device being represented is Hyperbole, which means an exaggeration of the truth. Such as, I seen that movie a million times, or I am laughing to death. These cannot be literally true but they are used to make things sound more impressive, or to emphasize something such as emotions, responses, or efforts. In this poem Auden uses Hyperbole to make his work more appealing to the reader and adds a sense of imagination. This whole poem is a hyperbole because the title school children it doesn’t talk directly about schoolchildren but instead he  exaggerates it as a prison. More specific,In the 2nd paragraph 2nd line†With the dumb play of the dog, licking and rushing;† – Auden is using the term DOG as a comparison to a regular school kid playing at the playground. Auden is just giving us a better exaggeration on how school kids act. Like how the schoolteacher throws you a ball and the dog must go get it. Auden doesn’t literally mean the kids are dogs but in reality the relationship is similar. â€Å"The condemned see only the fallacious angels of a vision† – Fallacious meaning false. Those who don’t try in school are proven to hate it. A hyperbole is being portrayed by saying the kids are all angels at some point but it is up to them whether they want to be good or not. (Or their parents in some cases)†The storm of tears shed in the corner† – the hyperbole I this verse is the Storm of Tears.. Literally it translate to he/she cries a lot in the corner. The effect of a storm gives us a more photographic detail on what kids do when they get into certain trouble.

Judith Guest’s “Ordinary People”

Ordinary People Ordinary People by Judith Guest is the story of a dysfunctional family who relate to one another through a series of extensive defense mechanisms, i. e. an unconscious process whereby reality is distorted to reduce or prevent anxiety. The book opens with seventeen year old Conrad, son of upper middle-class Beth and Calvin Jarrett, home after eight months in a psychiatric hospital, there because he had attempted suicide by slashing his wrists. His mother is a meticulously orderly person who, Jared, through projection, feels despises him. She does all the right things; attending to Jared's physical eeds, keeping a spotless home, plays golf and bridge with other women in her social circle, but, in her own words â€Å"is an emotional cripple†. Jared's father, raised in an orphanage, seems anxious to please everyone, a commonplace reaction of individuals who, as children, experienced parental indifference or inconsistency. Though a successful tax attorney, he is jumpy around Conrad, and, according to his wife, drinks too many martinis. Conrad seems consumed with despair. A return to normalcy, school and home-life, appear to be more than Conrad can handle. Chalk-faced, hair-hacked Conrad seems bent on erpetuating the family myth that all is well in the world. His family, after all, â€Å"are people of good taste. They do not discuss a problem in the face of the problem. And, besides, there is no problem. † Yet, there is not one problem in this family but two – Conrad's suicide and the death by drowning of Conrad's older brother, Buck. Conrad eventually contacts a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger, because he feels the â€Å"air is full of flying glass† and wants to feel in control. Their initial sessions together frustrate the psychiatrist because of Conrad's inability to express his feelings. Berger cajoles him into expressing his emotions by saying, â€Å"That's what happens when you bury this junk, kiddo. It keeps resurfacing. Won't leave you alone. † Conrad's slow but steady journey towards healing seems partially the result of cathartic revelations which purge guilt feelings regarding his brother's death and his family's denial of that death, plus the â€Å"love of a good woman. Jeannine, who sings soprano to Conrad's tenor†¦ There is no doubt that Conrad is consumed with guilt, â€Å"the feeling one has when one acts contrary to a role he has assumed while interacting with a ignificant person in his life,† This guilt engenders in Conrad feelings of low self esteem. Survivors of horrible tragedies, such as the Holocaust, frequently express similar feelings of worthlessness. In his book, â€Å"Against All Odds†, William Helmreich relates how one survivor articulates a feeling of abandonment. â€Å"Did I abandon them, or did they abandon me? † Conrad expresses a similar thought in remembering the sequence of events when the sailboat they were on turned over. Buck soothes Conrad saying, â€Å"Okay, okay. They'll be looking now, for sure, just hang on, don't get tired, promise? In an imagined conversation ith his dead brother, Conrad asks, â€Å"‘Man, why'd you let go? ‘ ‘Because I got tired. ‘ ‘The hell! You never get tired, not before me, you don't! You tell me not to get tired, you tell me to hang on, and then you let go! ‘ ‘I couldn't help it. Well, screw you, then! ‘† Conrad feels terrible anger with his brother, but cannot comfortably express that anger. His psychiatrist, after needling Conrad, asks, â€Å"Are you mad? When Conrad responds that he is not mad, the psychiatrist says, â€Å"Now that is a lie. You are mad as hell. † Conrad asserts that, â€Å"When you let yourself feel, all you feel is lousy. † When his psychiatrist questions im about his relationship with his mother, Calvin says, â€Å"My mother and I do not connect. Why should it bother me? My mother is a very private person. † This sort of response is called, in psychological literature, â€Å"rationalization†. We see Conrad's anger and aggression is displaced, i. e. vented on another, as when he physically attacked a schoolmate. Yet, he also turns his anger on himself and expresses in extreme and dangerous depression and guilt. â€Å"Guilt is a normal emotion felt by most people, but among survivors it takes on special meaning. Most feel guilty about the death of loved ones whom they feel they could ave, or should have, saved. Some feel guilty about situations in which they behaved selfishly (Conrad held on to the boat even after his brother let go), even if there was no other way to survive. In answer to a query from his psychiatrist on when he last got really mad, Conrad responds, â€Å"When it comes, there's always too much of it. I don't know how to handle it. † When Conrad is finally able to express his anger, Berger, the psychiatrist says to Calvin, â€Å"Razoring is anger; self-mutilation is anger. So this is a good sign; turning his anger outward at last. † Because his family, and especially his mother, frowns upon ublic displays of emotion, Conrad keeps his feelings bottled up, which further contributes to depression. Encyclopedia Britannica, in explicating the dynamics of depression states, â€Å"Upon close study, the attacks on the self are revealed to be unconscious expressions of disappointment and anger toward another person, or even a circumstance†¦ deflected from their real direction onto the self. The aggression, therefore, directed toward the outside world is turned against the self. † The article further asserts that, â€Å"There are three cardinal psychodynamic considerations in depression: (1) a deep sense of loss of what is oved or valued, which may be a person, a thing or even liberty; (2) a conflict of mixed feelings of love and hatred toward what is loved or highly valued; (3) a heightened overcritical concern with the self. † Conrad's parents are also busily engaged in the business of denial. Calvin, Conrad's father, says, â€Å"Don't worry. Everything is all right. By his own admission, he drinks too much, â€Å"because drinking helps†¦ , deadening the pain†. Calvin cannot tolerate conflict. Things must go smoothly. â€Å"Everything is jello and pudding with you, Dad. † Calvin, the orphan says, â€Å"Grief is ugly. It is something to be afraid of, to get id of†. â€Å"Safety and order. Definitely the priorities of his life. He constantly questions himself as to whether or not he is a good father. â€Å"What is fatherhood, anyway? Beth, Conrad's mother, is very self-possessed. She appears to have a highly developed super-ego, that part of an individual's personality which is â€Å"moralistic†¦ , meeting the demands of social convention, which can be irrational in requiring certain behaviors in spite of reason, convenience and common sense†. She is furthermore, a perfectionist. â€Å"Everything had to be perfect, never mind the impossible hardship it worked on her, on hem all. † Conrad is not unlike his mother. He is an overachiever, an â€Å"A† student, on the swim team and a list-maker. His father tells the psychiatrist, â€Å"I see her not being able to forgive him. For surviving, maybe. No, that's not it, for being too much like her. † A psychoanalyst might call her anal retentive. Someone who is â€Å"fixated symbolically in orderliness and a tendency toward perfectionism†. â€Å"Excessive self-control, not expressing feelings, guards against anxiety by controlling any expression of emotion and denying emotional investment in a thing or person. â€Å"She had not cried at the funeral†¦. She and Conrad had been strong and calm throughout. The message of the book is contained in Berger's glib saying that, â€Å"People who keep stiff upper lips find that it's damn hard to smile†. We see Conrad moving toward recovery and the successful management of his stage of development, as articulated by Erikson, â€Å"intimacy vs. isolation†. At story end, his father is more open with Conrad, moving closer to him, while his mother goes off on her own to work out her issues. Both trying to realize congruence in their development stage (Erikson), â€Å"ego integrity vs. despair†.

Accident remedial measures are actions undertaken to correct perceived or actual deficiency or risks in road traffic to improve safety. The WritePass Journal

Accident remedial measures are actions undertaken to correct perceived or actual deficiency or risks in road traffic to improve safety. Introduction Accident remedial measures are actions undertaken to correct perceived or actual deficiency or risks in road traffic to improve safety. IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction Accident remedial measures are actions undertaken to correct perceived or actual deficiency or risks in road traffic to improve safety. A WHO 2004 report indicates that about 1.2 million people are killed annually the world over and forecast that by â€Å"2020 road accident will be the second cause of death if the growing problems are not tackled† (WHO 1999) . Currently in the developing world it is the second largest cause of death after HIV Aids. Statistics indicates that on the average, the total cost of road accident is estimated to be about 2.5% of the Gross National Product of many nations. The Dft report (2009) indicates that accident place a huge economic and social cost to countries in terms of personal injury and damage to property. The above indicates that there is the need for a wide range of accident remedial measures to be adopted to curtail the risks of motorisation and reduce human suffering and social cost. To be able to target the appropriate remedial measure s to tackle this challenge, a good accident data system will be needed to determine where accidents cluster and permit decision makers to prepare and identify priority areas that need the most attention.   There are various ways by which this can be carried out such as ranking site by actual number of accidents (frequency) or rates of accidents occurrence (eg numbers per kilometre travelled) or the cost of the accident. The merits associated with using numbers is that it has the ability to portray actual injuries or death and makes the data easy to relate to and the actual impact known and understood even by lay persons, example media men in reporting road accidents to the public are more comfortable using numbers (frequency) to rates and it appeals to the public than using rates. In this sense it is argued that it is easier to communicate to stakeholders and the public using numbers than rates. This also enables sites to be ranked in terms of absolute number of casualties and road safety interventions targeted at those sites can be supported by politicians who may not have in-depth knowledge on rates since numbers are easier to understand than rates. Accident numbers refer to accident occurrence in a given stretch of road at a period of time. The use of numbers to set target are mostly used by practitioners because it allow the use of statistical models to determine significant relationship between dependent variable and a number of explanatory variables and rates calculated to compare risk level. This result can be used to predict effects of the accident and identify the key variable, example speed, alcohol that causes the accident and appropriate intervention adopted to mitigate impacts. One of the arguments against using numbers to set target for safety measures is that a change in the number of occurrence of accidents due to low flow of traffic will alter numbers even though the level of the risk may remain the same thereby given a false impression. It can therefore be misleading particularly on low flow traffic roads where a single accident can greatly alter the rate, thereby giving a false interpretation which can have a big impact on the outcome. Setting remedial measure using rates expressed in accident per number of population is recommended by most practitioners because it gives a value that can be easily related to and compared with local, national or international averages.   Example comparing road death per 100,000 populations in say 2009 between regions or nations to compare performance for evaluation. The formula for calculating this is express as: Annual Accident rate = number of accident Ãâ€" 100, 000/ number of population. When accident data is combined with exposure to calculate accident rates such as number of road accidents per 100,000 populations, a more informative comparative level of road safety is achieved at international level depending on the availability and comparability of these data. It is widely argued in the transport sector that accident rate rather than numbers is a better performance measure in that the rates reflects the activity level and their relationship to the number of accidents. This tracks changes in the accident rates for a fixed volume of vehicle or human population. Example xyz accidents per 100,000 vehicles or population. By tracking the rate of accidents per vehicle or human population, decision makers can more accurately point out safety concerns or trends indicating potential safety concerns. It allows public risks to be calculated by extracting health risk rate from available population data such as number of deaths per 100,000 populations. One of the arguments against rates in target setting is that it is nebulous to appeal to non-professionals in road safety in that it is expressed in technical languages, example Nigeria proposing to reduce the number of seriously injured per billion vehicle- kilometres by 15% by 2020 may be too difficult to comprehend by non-road safety professionals. Also, indicators for rates per unit of exposure need its corresponding exposure data, example population per kilometre which are most time not easily available immediately. One of the disadvantage of using rates is that, regions with limited length of road network could register lower accidents due to average distance travelled and may give a false impression of the risks and the level of safety in those regions. Moreover, traffic risk is most appropriately measured using level of exposure data, example vehicle per kilometre travel which are not available in most countries and cannot not also be collected in the required level of details due to inconsistencies in definition of road network and different modes of transport used in different countries. The use of both numbers and rates as an approach by the UK in setting national target can be helpful in that depending on the situation, quantity and reliability of data, information on accident rates may vary to be used for proper prioritisation, therefore, it is appropriate to use more than one type of accident analysis in ranking the problem to achieve a balance assessment of data.   This data analysis can be based on accident rates, number of accidents or severity of injuries sustained or the cost of the accident. It is therefore appropriate to set targets in terms of absolute numbers and the rates so that where volumes traffic fluctuates the outcome can be amenable to treatment. The use of both measures allows comparison of risks of road travel modes with the risk frequency of occurrence so that transport safety budgets can be allocated most effectively References WHO (1999); World Health Report: Making a difference, Geneva: World Health Organisation WHO (2OO4) World Health Report on road traffic injury prevention, Geneva: World Health Organisation

Residency Requirements For Congress - Weird Details

Residency Requirements For Congress - Weird Details The residency requirements for Congress contain one of the most unusual quirks in American politics. And that is: You dont even have to live in a congressional district to be elected to serve in that House of Representatives seat. In fact, nearly two dozen members in the 435-member  House live outside of their congressional districts, according to published reports. How can that be? Is it a flaw in the residency requirements for Congress spelled out in the U.S. Constitution? Shouldnt representatives elected to a House seat actually live in the same district with the people who elected them, just like elected members of your local, state and federal government offices are required to live in the municipalities they represent? What the Constitution Says If you want to run for the House of Representatives, you must be at least 25 years old, a citizen of the United States for at least seven years and be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen,† according to the  Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution.   And thats it. Theres nothing in there that requires a member of the House to live within his districts boundaries. Notably Few Hurdles The Constitution placed notably few hurdles between ordinary citizens and becoming a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. The founders wanted the House to be the legislative chamber closest to the people - the least restrictive on age, citizenship, and the only federal office at the time subject to frequent popular election, states the House Office of History, Art Archives. Members of the House are elected every two years, and generally, their re-election rate is very high. The Speaker of the House Doesnt Have to Be a Member Oddly enough, the Constitution doesnt even require the highest-ranking officer of the House  - the speaker  - to be a member. When Speaker John Boehner stepped down the from the post in 2015, several pundits made the case that the House should bring in an outsider, even a dynamic (some would say  bombastic) voice such as Donald Trump or former Speaker Newt Gingrich, to lead the disparate factions of the Republican Party.   Open to Merit of Every Description James Madison, writing in the Federalist Papers, stated: â€Å"Under these reasonable limitations, the door of this part of the federal government is open to merit of every description, whether native or adoptive, whether young or old, and without regard to poverty or wealth, or to any particular profession of religious faith.† Residency Requirements for Serving in the U.S. Senate The rules for serving in the U.S. Senate are a bit tighter in that they require members to live in the state they represent. U.S. senators are not elected by districts, though, and represent their entire state. Every state elects two people to serve in the Senate. The Constitution also requires members of the Senate to be at least 30 years old and a citizen of the United States for at least nine years. Legal Challenges and State Laws The U.S. Constitution does not address residency requirements for local elected officials or members of state legislatures. It leaves the matter up to the states themselves; most require elected municipal and legislative officials to live in the districts where they were elected. States cannot, however, enact laws requiring members of Congress to live in the districts they represent because state law cannot supersede the Constitution. In 1995,  for example, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that qualifications clauses were intended to preclude the states from exercising any [power over Congressional requirements] and, as a result, the Constitution fix[es] as exclusive the qualifications in the Constitution. At that time, 23 states had established term limits for their members of Congress; the Supreme Court decision made them null and void. Subsequently, federal courts struck down residency requirements in California  and Colorado. [This article was updated in September 2017 by Tom Murse.]

Day for Night (1973) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Day for Night (1973) - Movie Review Example In a nutshell, the film delves into the intersecting stories of the cast and crew that are working on the set of a movie. Truffaut eschews linear storytelling in favor of a more anthological approach. Truffaut himself narrates the film lending a sense of cohesiveness to the overall piece. To his credit, he is able to bring a general sense of narrative to the resulting interweaving storylines from the film’s ensemble cast of characters. The film eventually culminates with a few plot twists that will no doubt surprise all but the most keenly observant audience members. By the film’s conclusion, Truffaut makes it quite clear that his satire is meant to be his way of expressing his love for his craft and filmmaking as a whole. In fact, Festa (2012) sums it up quite nicely when he said that â€Å"for folks behind film looking glasses, their day job is life itself†. Doubtless, the film’s ensemble cast of characters is one of its greatest strengths. Truffaut succeeds in gathering a memorable set of characters. Between the over-the-hill screen legend, the aging ex-opera singer, the handsome young lead and the sexy female vixen who is recovering from a nervous breakdown, what’s not to love? Ebert (1997) points out another of the film’s strength lies in the numerous â€Å"behind-the-scenes† moments. The audience is shown the tricks behind a lot of moviemaking magic such as the use of filters to make daytime scenes look like they were shot at night and fake snow to name a few. These might be a touch old hat for a modern audience, but that certainly does not diminish their charm. Truffaut also manages to underscore a lot of the things that tend to go wrong during production. The sort of things moviegoers do not see when they watch the finished product such as actor’s temper tantrums, animals missing their cues and so forth. It is more than likely that similar films such as Ed Wood drew inspiration from Truffaut’s piece. Despite its many strengths the

An event that happened during my childhood that changed my life Essay

An event that happened during my childhood that changed my life - Essay Example On arrival, we found mum had prepared the most delicious roasted chicken I had eaten in a long time. Over dinner, the usual question regarding plans for the holiday popped up. My father had planned for us to visit our grandma all the way in Spain. Grandma Louis was our favourite grandparent and our visits there were always filled with much exhilaration. Not only this but also my father planned for us to travel by road!! The joy I felt in my heart was immeasurable. We had always begged our father to let us travel to Spain by road since the sights along the way were breath taking. He always refused because the trip was too dangerous especially because his own father had died through a road accident. To date we are yet to know what he had changed his mind. The night before our journey sleep evaded me. I packed and repacked my belongings carefully counterchecking it against my list. As was custom we said pour prayers before setting off for what would be a journey to change my life. As my father drove our brand new Cadillac, we sang songs to keep him company. Story telling happened to be my sister’s favourite past time and in no time we were engrossed in one of her stories. â€Å"Watch your language young lady!!† my father repeatedly warned my sister. The pain in my ribs was nerve wrecking, almost as if someone was pushing a dagger into my ribs. I blinked severally before opening my eyes to see my dad’s limp body around me. â€Å"Dad! Dad! Wake up!!† My mother and sister were also unconscious in the back seat with blood all over their bodies. It was then that the cold harsh reality hit me. We had fallen in a gorge fifty metres below the road. What am I to do? I wondered. Painfully, I got myself from below the wreckage, and went over to the back. My mother and sister still had a pulse albeit a weak one and showed no signs of regaining consciousness. My knowledge of first aid was sparse owing to the fact that I had slept throughout much of the class sessions. It was then that I realised that without doing something drastic, I would watch their lives slip right through my fingers. I decided to walk to the nearest police station. With broken ribs and a fractured leg I pulled myself together and started the journey. It seemed like hours before I found elderly couple and explained my predicament. They called an ambulance who on arrival pronounced my father dead while my mother, sister and I were rushed to the nearest hospital. I healed quickly and took on the responsibility of nursing my sister and mother back to health. It was very difficult for me to break the sad news of my dad’s demise to them but when I did we found comfort in each others’ sorrow. The harrowing experience particularly the loss of my loving dad changed our lives forever. The most invaluable lesson that I learnt is resilience and that everything happens for a reason. I am much stronger than before and well prepared to face life’s c hallenges with a smile (Mallenby, 2007: 123). Additionally, I learnt that friendship is one of the best gifts one can have. My best friend was there for me through the whole experience and encouraged me to get my life back and that not all was lost. My religious stand point also changed since I was an atheist before the accident, now I am a staunch Christian who believes in the power of prayer. I have learnt to respect my mother more as she took up the responsibility of taking care of us since our father’s untimely demise. Although the experience of losing